ANIMAL REPRODUCTION QUIZ-

Don't look at the notes in public!! tee-hee

Reproduction is also known as ___?

the Biological Imperative

3 things about asexual reproduction:

1. Has 1 individual, no genetic diversity in offspring, takes less time/energy

2. Involves mitotic cell division

3. Includes binary fission, fragmentation and budding

3 things about sexual reproduction:

1. Involves 2 individuals, genetic diversity in offspring, takes more time/energy

2. Gamete formation requires meiosis

3. Is the fertilization of gametes

External and Internal in sexual reproduction do what?

External- Fertilization is left largely to chance (less time/energy)

Internal- Increases probability of fertilization, provided embryo protection, involves copulation, reduced number of gametes needed

Monoecious species are what?

Individuals that produce both egg and sperm but cannot self-fertilize (plant)

hermaphrodites are what?

Part of the Monoecious species but contains both male and female genetalia

Dioecious species are what?

Seperate sexes where males produce sperm and females produce eggs

What is Parthenogenesis?

type of asexual reproduction in which offspring develop from an unfertilized egg

What is the cloaca?

a simple cavity (or “common opening”) into which the digestive, excretory, and reproductive products are all released (i.e., fecal waste, urine, and eggs/sperm); found in fish, amphibians, reptiles, and birds.

What is Precocial?

condition in which young birds hatch well-feathered and developed

What is Altricial?

condition in which young birds hatch almost featherless, generally blind, and helpless.

What are monotremes?

Egg-laying mammals (Perry the platypus).

What are Marsupials

Animals born young and premature that finish development in a pouch (kangaroo)

Placental mammals are what?

Animals that complete development in mother’s uterus and have metabolic needs fulffilled through gas/nutrient exhance across placenta

What is the placenta?

sponge-like mat of tissue that is produced by the embryo and mother's uterus; it partially surrounds the embryo in the uterus, connects to the developing embryo via the umbilical cord, and provides the embryo with its metabolic needs.

The uterus is what?

Organ in which embryo/fetus grows and develops

The umbilical cord does what

Connects embryo/fetus to placenta

What is amnion?

Membrane filled with amniotic fluid, directly surrounding embryo/fetus

Mammary glands do what?

Produce milk in the breast tissue

3 glands in men are:

Seminal vesicles, prostate gland, bulbourethral glands (Cowper’s glands)

The men glands do what?

• produce supporting fluids

• alkaline sugars to nourish sperm

• provide lubrication

The three glands in females are:

• Bartholin’s Greater vestibular

• Bartholin’s Lesser Vestibular

• Paraurethral (Skene’s)

FSH means

follicle stimulating hormone

LH means

leutinizing hormone

FSH in men does what?

stimulates sperm production

What does LH in men do?

stimulates release of testosterone

What is testosterone?

• Produces primary sexual characteristics before birth

• develops male genitalia

• Produces male secondary sexual characteristics later in life

What does FSH do in females?

• stimulates release of estrogen and progesterone

• Produce female secondary sexual characteristics

What does LH in females do?

It is involved in menstrual cycle especially at ovulation

What hormones are in the category of gonadotropins?

FSH and LH

What hormones are male sex hormones

Testosterone

What hormones are female sexual hormones?

Estrogen and progestore

Secondary sexual characteristics are whatt?

development of male/female sexual characteristics at the onset of puberty and sexual maturity

What are the phases in the menstrual cycles?

1. Menustral flow phase

2. Proliferative phase

3. Ovulation

4. Secretory phase

What happens in the menustral flow phase?

begins with the first day of menustral bleeding

What happens in the proliferative phase?

FSH/LH levels rise and realse of estrogen and progesterone form ovaries increases

What happens in the ovulation phase?

Huge rise in LH, rising levels of estorgen

What happens in secroty phase?

High levels of Lh, rise of progestoroen, rising estogen

do endometrium

ok