APHG Vocabulary Unit 1 test

Reference Maps

Provide general information/navigation/location/

What are some examples of Reference Maps?

Political (States, Countries, Districts)

Physical (Natural features)

Road Maps

Thematic Maps

Communicate information about a place - spatial aspects - what is it like there?

Choropleth Maps

Maps that deliver info via color, a type of thematic map.

Dot-Density

Maps that deliver info via dots, a type of thematic map.

Graduated/Proportion Symbols

Maps that deliver info via symbols, a type of thematic map.

Cartogram

Maps that deliver info via changing the size of a area due to the data collected, a type of thematic map.

Isoline

Maps that deliver info about the weather via slight variations of color across the map, a type of thematic map.

Topographic

Maps that info people about the elevation of an area.

Absolute Distance

EXACT, PRECISE

Miles/Kilometers/Feet

Map Scale

Absolute Direction

EXACT, PRECISE

Cardinal Directions: North South East West

Relative Distance

Spatial interactions, connections, contacts, movement, and flow of things between places. How long it take for point A to get to point B.

Relative Direction

relative relationships.

Turn left at the Target, then right at the second stop-sign.

Clustering

Close together, having a high density.

Dispersal/Distribution

Far apart, the way something is spread out over an area.

Elevation

The height of a point on the Earths surface above the sea level.

Map Projection

The process of a cartographer showing the curved surface of the earth on a flat surface (map)

Absolute Location

EXACT PRECISE, address, latitude & longitude.

Relative Location

Relationship to another place.

All map projections are S.A.D.D because they distort?

S-shape

A-area

D-Distance

D-direction

Mercator

Used for navigation by persevering the angles of latitude and longitude. However, areas near the poles are elongated.

Peters Equal Area

Used to find the accurate country size, however, the shapes are distorted near the poles and equator.

Robinson

Used to find the most balanced map type, all areas are slightly distorted.

Geographic Information Systems (GIS)

Shows data on top of a map.

Satellite navigation systems (GPS)

Satellites orbit the earth and communicate location information to GPS receivers that provide absolute location.

Remote Sensing

Collecting data without physical contact, use cameras from air craft.

Field Observations

Physically visiting a location or place and recording the information firsthand.

Media Reports

A type of field work that deals with spatial patterns.

Travel Narratives

A type of field work that deals with asking people how a different area is.

Policy Documents

A type of field work that is done by the government, like codes of conduct.

Personal Interviews

A method of gathering data by asking for peoples beliefs.

Landscape Analysis

A type of field work that measures the human impact of the land and any geological features.

Photographic interpretation

A type of field work that requires looking at data on a photograph.

Census data

Mandated by the constitution to be done every 10 years, this is how the government does fieldwork.

Satellite Imagery

Images of the earth taking from the point of view of a satellite.

Space

A physical area on the planet.

Place

A sense of place is given by the uniqueness of a location.

Distance Decay

The interaction between two places declines as distance between the places increases.

Time-Space Compression

The increasing sense of accessibility and connectivity which seems to bring human in distant places closer together.

Patterns

A reacquiring phenomena.

Sustainability

How maintainable something is.

Natural Resources

Naturally produced.

Land Use

How humans use an area.

Environmental Determinism

BELIEF THAT THE PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT IS THE MOST POWERFUL FORCES SHAPING HUMAN BEHAVIOR AND SOCIETAL/ CULTURAL DEVELOPMENT.

Possibilism

Acknowledges the limitations imposed by the natural environment, but focuses on the role of human culture to modify and respond to the environment to better fit human needs.

Global

Largest scale but has the smallest amount of data.

Regional

Second largest scale of analysis.

National

Second Smallest scale

Local

Smallest sacle

Formal Region

United by one or more specific traits.

Functional Region

Organized around a central node (focal point) and the relationship is typically based around economics, travel or communication.

Perceptual/Vernacular Region

based on a person's perspective or perception of a certain location.

Informal

Sense of place & cultural identity.

Boundaries often vary widely because people have a different sense of what defines and unites these regions