Chapter 52 Wilkins: Neurologic Disorders and Stroke

A) Many diseases of the neuromuscular system leave the patient with a physical impairment. B) Most patients with a physical impairment also have mental impairment.

a. Statement A is true and statement B is false.

b. Statement A is false and statement B is true.

c. Both statements are true.

d. Both statements are false.

a

Taking which vitamin during pregnancy can reduce the risk of the infant having spina bifida?

a) Vitamin C

b) Niacin

c) Riboflavin

d) Folic acid

e) Vitamin D

d

A protrusion of the meninges through a defect in the skull or spinal column is called:

a) meningocele.

b) spina bifida.

c) myelomeningocele.

d) occulta.

c

Which condition requires antibiotic premedication before dental and dental hygiene treatment?

a) Autonomic dysreflexia

b) Ventriculoperitoneal shunt

c) Ventriculoatrial shunt

d) Spina bifida occulta

c

Another term for cerebrovascular accident is:

a) kyphosis.

b) akinesia.

c) stroke.

d) pallidotomy.

e) sclerosis.

c

More than one-third of people aged __________ have osteoarthritis.

a) birth to 10 years

b) 20 to 40 years

c) 40 to 60 years

d) 60 to 80 years

d

What type of muscular dystrophy involves the facial muscles?

a) Becker

b) Duchenne

c) Facioscapulohumeral

d) Myasthenia gravis

c

Facial paralysis poses which of the following dental problems?

a) Patients have difficulty using a toothbrush.

b) It interferes with self-cleansing mechanisms.

c) Patients are only able to sit for short appointments in the dental chair.

d) There is a high risk of oral infections.

b

Spina bifida occulta involves the bony encasement of the spinal cord and:

a) produces symptoms.

b) results in outpouching.

c) develops between 2 and 4 years of age.

d) causes incomplete paralysis.

b

Which factor should a hygienist consider when planning dental hygiene care for the patient with multiple sclerosis?

a) Xerostomia

b) Poor nutrition

c) Decubitus ulcers

d) Impaired motor ability

d

A patient with constant, involuntary, unorganized muscular movement who grimaces, drools, and has trouble speaking has what type of cerebral palsy?

a) Spastic

b) Athetoid

c) Ataxic

d) Combined

b

Parkinson disease causes degeneration of certain neurons in what part of the brain?

a) Basal ganglia

b) Cerebral cortex

c) Cerebellum

d) Hypothalamus

e) Corpus callosum

a

Bell's palsy is paralysis of what cranial nerve?

a) Fourth

b) Fifth

c) Sixth

d) Seventh

e) Eighth

d

How can osteoarthritis affect the temporomandibular joint?

a) Pain

b) Limited ability to open

c) Crepitation and clicking

d) Ankylosis

c

A majority of patients with Bell's palsy experience a return to normal within:

a) 2 weeks.

b) 1 month.

c) 4 to 6 months.

d) 1 year.

b

What is the average life expectancy of someone diagnosed with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis?

a) 6 months to 1 year

b) 3 to 5 years

c) 8 to 10 years

d) 15 to 20 years

b

Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a type of muscular dystrophy that is:

a) prevalent between those aged 5 to 24 years.

b) limited to females.

c) transmitted by males.

d) All of these are correct.

a

All of the following are true about Steinert's disease, except:

a) it can appear in early adulthood.

b) it affects both men and women.

c) it is usually worse in cold temperatures.

d) it also effects the CNS.

a

Which of the following is true of postpolio syndrome?

a) It occurs years after the initial attack.

b) It is caused by the poliopox virus.

c) It occurs in a limited population.

d) Treatment focuses mainly on curing the disease.

a

Parkinson's disease:

a) is controlled by dopamine.

b) causes tremor in the feet and flexibility in the arms.

c) affects as many as 500,000 middle-aged and older persons in the United States.

d) has approximately 30,000 new diagnosed cases each year.

a

Andrew is a 26-year-old patient who presents to the dental office for routine dental hygiene therapy. Andrew was in a car accident 2 years ago. He now uses a wheelchair because he cannot use his legs. He does have normal arm function and some hand weakness. Andrew has good oral hygiene, as he uses a power toothbrush and flosses with a floss holder. The first visit Andrew had at the office was very long, as he had neglected his oral hygiene after his accident. He developed a pressure sore and this time has brought some padding to place under him in the dental chair.

Which of the following is the cause of pressure sores?

a) Trauma

b) Neoplasm

c) Viral infection

d) Ischemia

e) Vascular accident

d

Andrew is a 26-year-old patient who presents to the dental office for routine dental hygiene therapy. Andrew was in a car accident 2 years ago. He now uses a wheelchair because he cannot use his legs. He does have normal arm function and some hand weakness. Andrew has good oral hygiene, as he uses a power toothbrush and flosses with a floss holder. The first visit Andrew had at the office was very long, as he had neglected his oral hygiene after his accident. He developed a pressure sore and this time has brought some padding to place under him in the dental chair.

Andrew's spinal cord injury was most likely at what level?

a) C5

b) T5

c) C8

d) T11

e) L6

c

Andrew is a 26-year-old patient who presents to the dental office for routine dental hygiene therapy. Andrew was in a car accident 2 years ago. He now uses a wheelchair because he cannot use his legs. He does have normal arm function and some hand weakness. Andrew has good oral hygiene, as he uses a power toothbrush and flosses with a floss holder. The first visit Andrew had at the office was very long, as he had neglected his oral hygiene after his accident. He developed a pressure sore and this time has brought some padding to place under him in the dental chair.

The chair angle during his appointment should not be changed abruptly because of his susceptibility to:

a) postural hypotension.

b) respiratory distress.

c) decubitus ulcers.

d) muscle reflex spasticity.

a

Andrew is a 26-year-old patient who presents to the dental office for routine dental hygiene therapy. Andrew was in a car accident 2 years ago. He now uses a wheelchair because he cannot use his legs. He does have normal arm function and some hand weakness. Andrew has good oral hygiene, as he uses a power toothbrush and flosses with a floss holder. The first visit Andrew had at the office was very long, as he had neglected his oral hygiene after his accident. He developed a pressure sore and this time has brought some padding to place under him in the dental chair.

In addition to the padding, how can a decubitus ulcer be prevented during the dental hygiene appointment?

a) Using a rubber dam for applying fluoride

b) Regular turning of the patient

c) Keeping the dental chair upright

d) Using four-handed dental hygiene

b