Psychic Energy - Chapter 13

Psychic energy

• A source of energy within each person that WHAT the person to do one thing or another ( or not another)

Psychic energy

• A source of energy within each person that MOTIVATES the person to do one thing or another ( or not another)

Psychic energy

• Psychic energy operates according to the law of CONSERVATION OF ENERGY.

• The amount of psychic energy an individual possesses remained CONSTANT throughout the person’s lifetime.

Psychic energy

• Psychic energy operates according to the law of WHAT.

• The amount of psychic energy an individual possesses remained WHAT throughout the person’s lifetime.

Psychic energy

• The WHAT is a reservoir of psychic energy.

Psychic energy

• The Id is a reservoir of psychic energy.

Psychic energy

• Psychodynamic theory is a theory that describes how psychic energy is WHAT (analogous to energy transformation in physics)

Psychic energy

• Psychodynamic theory is a theory that describes how psychic energy is REDIRECTED (analogous to energy transformation in physics)

Psychoanalysis

Techniques for revealing the unconscious

Psychoanalysis

• Mental illness, problems with living, and unexplained physical symptoms can all be viewed as the result of WHAT.

• Thoughts, feelings, urges, or memories have been forced into the unconscious because of their WHAT or WHAT.

• These conflicts or restrained urges may slip out of the unconscious in ways that causes WHAT (analogous to volcano eruption).

Psychoanalysis

• Mental illness, problems with living, and unexplained physical symptoms can all be viewed as the result of UNCONSCIOUS CONFLICTS.

• Thoughts, feelings, urges, or memories have been forced into the unconscious because of their DISTURBING or THREATENING NATURE.

• These conflicts or restrained urges may slip out of the unconscious in ways that causes TROUBLE (analogous to volcano eruption).

Techniques for Revealing the Unconscious

• The unconscious is the cause of WHAT.

• The goal of psychoanalysis is to make the unconscious WHAT.

Techniques for Revealing the Unconscious

• The unconscious is the cause of MENTAL PROBLEMS.

• The goal of psychoanalysis is to make the unconscious CONSCIOUS.

How to make the unconscious conscious

• WHAT

• WHAT

• WHAT

How to make the unconscious conscious

• Free association

• Dream analysis

• Projection

Free association

• Relax on a comfortable chair. Let your mind wander. Say whatever comes into your mind, no matter how absurd, trifling, or obscene.

• By relaxing the censor that screens your everyday thoughts, this technique allows potentially WHAT material to come into WHAT.

• Limitation: WHAT

Free association

• Relax on a comfortable chair. Let your mind wander. Say whatever comes into your mind, no matter how absurd, trifling, or obscene.

• By relaxing the censor that screens your everyday thoughts, this technique allows potentially IMPORTANT material to come into CONSCIOUS AWARENESS.

• Limitation: This is like looking for a needle in a haystack.

Dream Analysis

• Freud believes that the purpose of dreaming is to satisfy WHAT and to fulfill WHAT and WHAT.

• Unconscious wishes and desires appear in dreams in WHAT form.

• Dream analysis was a technique Freud used to uncover his patient’s disguised WHAT and WHAT.

Dream Analysis

• Freud believes that the purpose of dreaming is to satisfy URGES and to fulfill UNCONSCIOUS WISHES and DESIRES.

• Unconscious wishes and desires appear in dreams in DISGUISED form.

• Dream analysis was a technique Freud used to uncover his patient’s disguised WISHES and DESIRES.

Dream analysis

There are two types of dream contents

• WHAT

• WHAT

Dream analysis

There are two types of dream contents

• Manifest content

• Latent content

Manifest content

The original contents in a dream (e.g., a child climbing out of a bathtub)

Latent content

the true meaning of a dream lay hidden and is only expressed in symbols (e.g., bathtub = womb of the mother; latent content > the dreamer wishes to have a child)

Case History of the Wolfman: Reconstructing the past

• Pankejeff dreamed that he was lying in bed when all of a sudden the window swung open. Peering out, he saw six or seven white wolves sitting in the tree outside his bedroom, their eyes fixed on him. Terrified by their gaze, he woke up screaming.

• Pankejeff was 23 years old when he began his treatment with Freud in February 1910.

• He was in a state of complete mental collapse. A nervous breakdown some years earlier, followed by the suicides of his father and sister, had left him severely WHAT.

• He was unable to travel alone, or even to dress himself, and felt as though he was cut off from the world by a veil.

• Beginning with his dream, Freud analyzed the symbolic meanings of the Wolfman’s childhood experience. The climax of the story is the reconstruction of the PRIMAL WHAT—the event that had led to the patient’s WHAT.

Case History of the Wolfman: Reconstructing the past

• Pankejeff dreamed that he was lying in bed when all of a sudden the window swung open. Peering out, he saw six or seven white wolves sitting in the tree outside his bedroom, their eyes fixed on him. Terrified by their gaze, he woke up screaming.

• Pankejeff was 23 years old when he began his treatment with Freud in February 1910.

• He was in a state of complete mental collapse. A nervous breakdown some years earlier, followed by the suicides of his father and sister, had left him severely DEPRESSED.

• He was unable to travel alone, or even to dress himself, and felt as though he was cut off from the world by a veil.

• Beginning with his dream, Freud analyzed the symbolic meanings of the Wolfman’s childhood experience. The climax of the story is the reconstruction of the PRIMAL SCENE—the event that had led to the patient’s DISORDERS.

Projective technique

• People are thought to project their own WHAT into what they
  report seeing in an WHAT

• The ambiguous stimulus can be an inkblot, or a picture.

Projective technique

• People are thought to project their own PERSONALITIES into what they
  report seeing in an AMBIGUOUS STIMULUS.

• The ambiguous stimulus can be an inkblot, or a picture.

What are the three techniques to interpreting the inkblot test

• WHAT

• WHAT

• WHAT

What are the three techniques to interpreting the inkblot test

• Content and Themes

• Response Style

• Patterns of Thought

Content and themes

The specific content of what a person sees in the inkblots can reveal underlying THOUGHTS and EMOTIONS.

For example, frequent references to violence or aggression may indicate underlying anxiety or conflict, while responses focused on connection or harmony might suggest a more positive emotional state

Response Style

How individuals respond—such as the SPEED of their responses, the COMPLEXITY of their interpretations, and their EMOTIONAL expressions during the test—can provide insights into their COGNITIVE PROCESSES and EMOTIONAL FUNCTIONING.

For instance, a person who takes a long time to respond may be experiencing indecision or anxiety

Patterns of Thought

The WHAT test can help identify recurring cognitive WHAT, WHAT, or WHAT that shape an individual's worldview. This can be particularly useful in therapeutic settings to address issues related to WHAT relationships or WHAT strategies.

Patterns of Thought

The RORSCHACH test can help identify recurring cognitive PATTERNS, BIASES, or ASSUMPTIONS that shape an individual's worldview. This can be particularly useful in therapeutic settings to address issues related to INTERPERSONAL relationships or COPING strategies.

Testing Unconscious Memory Scientifically - Word-fragment Completion Task: A Projective Technique

• Participants see fragments of a word and try to fill in the missing letters to make the string of letters a word that they WHAT think of.

• How this technique works?

• People are more likely to think of “SHAPE” than “SHADE SHAME SHARE” when they see SHA_E if they have seen the word SHAPE at an WHAT time.

• Note: there should be a WHAT group or a WHAT to provide baseline measure of the likelihood that people will first think of the target word without previous WHAT to that word.

Testing Unconscious Memory Scientifically - Word-fragment Completion Task: A Projective Technique

• Participants see fragments of a word and try to fill in the missing letters to make the string of letters a word that they FIRST think of.

• How this technique works?

• People are more likely to think of “SHAPE” than “SHADE SHAME SHARE” when they see SHA_E if they have seen the word SHAPE at an EARLIER time.

• Note: there should be a CONTROL group or a NORM to provide baseline measure of the likelihood that people will first think of the target word without previous EXPOSURE to that word.

How the projective technique works

• Warrington & Weiskrantz (1970) asked WHAT patients to read a list of words and then tested their WHAT and WHAT of the words. The patients did worse than WHAT individuals.

• However, amnesic patients’ performance on the word fragment completion task was the WHAT as healthy individuals (both groups of participants were equally likely to think of a previously read word when presented with its fragments).

• Amnesic patients did not have WHAT memory of the learned words but had WHAT memory of them.

• Why do we consider this a scientific method?

• What are missing in Freud’s case studies that make his method not scientific?

How the projective technique works

• Warrington & Weiskrantz (1970) asked AMNESIC patients to read a list of words and then tested their FREE RECALL and RECOGNITION of the words. The patients did worse than HEALTHY individuals.

• However, amnesic patients’ performance on the word fragment completion task was the SAME as healthy individuals (both groups of participants were equally likely to think of a previously read word when presented with its fragments).

• Amnesic patients did not have EXPLICIT memory of the learned words but had UNCONSCIOUS memory of them.

• Why do we consider this a scientific method?

• What are missing in Freud’s case studies that make his method not scientific?

Comparison between the five-factor model and the psychodynamic model

Five-factor model:

• WHAT driven

• WHAT investigative process

• WHAT

• Portrays a WHAT/WHAT view of personality

Psychodynamic model

• WHAT driven

• WHAT investigative process

• WHAT

• Portrays a WHAT/WHAT view of personality

Comparison between the five-factor model and the psychodynamic model

Five-factor model:

• DATA driven

• BOTTOM-UP investigative process

• DESCRIPTIVE

• Portrays a STATIC/INNATE view of personality

Psychodynamic model

• THEORY driven

• TOP-DOWN investigative process

• EXPLANATORY

• Portrays a DYNAMIC/DEVELOPMENTAL view of personality