Foot, Ankle, and Lower Leg Injuries

These flashcards cover key terms and concepts related to injuries of the foot, ankle, and lower leg as discussed in the lecture.

Tibia

The larger of the two bones in the lower leg, located medial to the fibula.

Fibula

The smaller bone in the lower leg, located lateral to the tibia.

Talus

The ankle bone that sits above the heel bone.

Calcaneus

The heel bone, which is the largest bone in the foot.

Metatarsals

The five long bones in the foot that connect the toes to the tarsal bones.

Plantarflexion

The movement of the foot that increases the angle between the top of the foot and the front of the leg.

Dorsiflexion

The movement of the foot that decreases the angle between the top of the foot and the front of the leg.

Inversion

The movement of the foot that turns the sole inward towards the midline of the body.

Eversion

The movement of the foot that turns the sole outward away from the midline of the body.

Transverse Arch

An arch of the foot located at the front of the heel from the 5th metatarsal to the navicular.

Longitudinal Arch

An arch that runs from the calcaneus to the metatarsal heads.

Medial malleolus

The bony prominence on the inner side of the ankle, formed by the tibia.

Lateral malleolus

The bony prominence on the outer side of the ankle, formed by the fibula.

Achilles tendon

The tendon that connects the calf muscles to the calcaneus.

Anterior talofibular ligament (ATFL)

A ligament that connects the talus bone to the fibula, providing stability to the ankle.

Posterior talofibular ligament (PTFL)

A ligament that connects the talus bone to the fibula at the back of the ankle.

Calcaneofibular ligament (CFL)

A ligament that connects the calcaneus to the fibula, stabilizing the lateral ankle.

Deltoid ligament

A strong ligament on the medial side of the ankle that connects the tibia to several foot bones.

Metatarsal arches

Arches along the length of the metatarsals that assist with weight distribution.

Shin Splints (Medial Tibial Stress Syndrome)

A condition characterized by pain along the inner edge of the shinbone due to overuse.

Jones Fracture

An avulsion fracture of the base of the 5th metatarsal, usually caused by forced inversion.

Salter Harris Fracture

An epiphyseal fracture that occurs in children affecting the growth plate.

Achilles Tendinitis

Inflammation of the Achilles tendon due to overuse or repetitive stress.

Achilles tendon rupture

A complete rupture of the Achilles tendon, often characterized by a popping sensation.