NRSG-1002: Module 1 - Orientation and Canada's Health Care System

History is a branch of knowledge that _______________________ and _____________________ past events?

records, analyses

British Law that created Canada?

BNA Act

What BNA Act became known as later on?

The Constitution

Law that first stated Canada's constitutional functions?

BNA Act

Patriation?

political process which brought Canada's constitution under domestic control (rather than remaining an act of the British Parliament)

Canadian constitution called after Patriation?

The Constitution

How BNA Act made Canada?

brought all colonies under one law

BNA Act federal gov't responsibilities?

health of Indigenous ppl,

health policy and contagious diseases,

Pharmaceutical and Food Safety

Name after Pharmaceutical and Food Safety?

Department of Health

Department of Health current name?

Health Canada

BNA Act provincial and territorial gov't responsibilities?

public health, hospitals, asylums, education

Following BNA Act, (some/all) provinces passed "Insanity Act"

all

Insanity Act current name?

Mental Health Act

Who made first asylums?

Middle Eastern Islamic societies

Ex of Islamic societies who first made asylums?

Baghdad, Cairo

Who changed the way asylums operated?

Europeans

Goal of first asylums?

sooth and offer months of relaxation to pts in hopes that they could be cured

European ideas for pts in asylum?

mental illness rooted in devil, so did inhumane procedures to "take the devil out"

Explain tourism in Bedlam?

Europeans traveled to watch pts for entertainment to see what madness looked like

Mental illness was first referred to as __________________ in Europe?

madness

Hospital in England that inspired "Bedlam"?

Bethlem Royal Hospital

Ex of modern day Bedlam tourist situation?

tent town. ppl drive by to watch homelessness

___________________ influenced Canada to erect an asylum in each province?

Britain

Treatment in early asylums were (mostly/sometimes/rarely) inhumane?

mostly

Who began treating asylum pts more humanely?

Philippe Pinel

Philippe Pinel offered ______________ therapy to pts?

moral

Moral therapy approach?

social and psychological

How moral therapy was done?

talk to pts, give calming env

First physician to remove chains from patients who are mentally ill?

Philippe Pinel

Moral therapy was (successful/unsuccessful)?

unsuccessful

Advocate for more humane treatment for asylum pts (came after Philippe Pinel)?

Dorthea Dix

Ealy asylums became over-crowded and Drs were pushed to treat pts (T/F)

T

ETC short for...?

electroconvulsive shock therapy

ETC is still used today (T/F)

T

Explain how modern day ETC is less invasive?

considers weight, height, etc.,

pt put under and given shock

Physician who began psychotherapy?

Sigmund Freud

Psychotropic drug?

drugs that affects brain's chemical composition to treat mental illnesses

Deinstitutionalization?

process of moving away from large, long-term care hospitals to community-based treatment

Why introduciton of psychotropic drugs was one main reasons for deinstitutionalization?

more ppl started to get better

CMHA short for...?

Canadian Mental Health Association

CMHA framework for mental health reform?

treat mental illness with the same effort as physical illness

Mental health care deinstitutionalization is a shift from (community/institution) to the (community/institution)?

institution, community

Deinstitutionalization is (less/more) humane and (less/more) expensive?

more, less

How CMHA promoted deinstitutionalization?

opened housing and started community services for those who can't leave in institution

Deinstitutionalization was more (successful/unsuccessful) than planned?

unsuccessful

Trans-institutionalization?

deinstitutionalized ppl moving to diff institutions

Why Deinstitutionalization wasn't as successful as planned?

limited resources,

pts were discharged too early,

trans-institutionalization

First hospital in Canada?

Hotel Dieu de Quebec

Hospitals were initially meant for the (poor/rich)

rich

It took a few _________________ years for gov't to begin funding hospitals?

hundred

Who opened the first Canadian hospital?

French nursing sisters

Before gov't started funding hospitals, who covered the costs of poor ppl seeking medical help?

religious and charitable agencies

Even when gov't started providing funds to hospitals, only (poor/rich) were able to afford physician services. Why?

rich, physician services weren't covered

Early 1900s, (few/majority) of heath services were delivered by Volunteer agencies?

majority

When majority of health services were done by volunteer agencies, what were they?

Order of St. John,

Canadian Red Cross Society,

Victorian Order of Nurses,

Children's Aid Society,

Canadian Mental Health Association

Order of St. John AKA?

St. John Ambulance

VON short for...?

Victorian Order of Nurses

Historically, Order of St. John did what?

first aid, disaster relief, home nursing

Historically, Canadian Red Cross did what?

home care, established outpost hospitals, nursing stations, provided uni. courses in publish health nursing, WW2 services, Canada's Blood services, disaster relief

Historically and in limited areas, ________________ focuses on caring for women and ________________?

VON, children

Historically, Children's Aid Society did what?

provide food and shelter for disadvantaged kids,

put displaced kids into other intuitions or families who can take care of them

Ex of one of the oldest continuing voluntary health organizations in Canada?

Canadian Mental Health Association

Level of gov't who provided health services?

municipality

In 1900s, ppl who couldn't afford health care received from __________________?

charity

Wealthy ppl before ____________s avoided hospitals?

1900

In what way did the wealthy used to avoid going to hospitals?

hired private Drs. and nurses

Before 1900s, poor ppl (did/didn't) have health care?

didn't

Before 1900s, when poor, ______________ provided care as they couldn't afford hospitals?

family

Before 1900s, when the poor severely needed medical attention, would go to (crowded/spacious) hospitals?

crowded

Historically, Indigenous ppls received medical care from __________________?

shamans

Shamans?

medicine men/women who has strong powers and connections to earth

What was the source of funding for public welfare aid in 19th-century Canada?

Money from municipal poor relief systems (from before Great Depression), supplemented by charitable donations

What types of aid were commonly granted to people in need due to Great Depression?

Food, clothes, fuel

What change within the Canadian socio-political mindset did the Great Depression trigger?

pay tax to gov't to ensure acceptable standard of living and access to services for all

Great Depression only triggered federal gov't to use tax for well being of the ppl (T/F). Explain?

F, also provincial

Nationally legislated post war social safety nets?

McKenzie King unemployment insurance,

family allowance,

National Health Grants Program,

old age security

Family allowance was established in 1944. What is it currently called?

child tax benifit

_________________ and ___________________ techniques improved medical care during the World Wars?

technology, scientific

WWs influence the intoroduction, invention, and developement of many aspects relating to health care (T/F)

T

Ex of World War influences on medical inventions/introductions?

introduced triage,

learned how to store blood,

oximetry,

penicillin

Ex of World War influences on medical developments (already existed and made better)?

anesthesia,

infection control,

surgery,

x-ray

First antibiotic?

penicillin

Penicillin was accidentally discovered (T/F)

T

WWs helped improve medical care (T/F)

T

How early antipsychotics were discovered?

used as tranquillizer, but observed the psychosis disappear

Major factors that lead to deinstitutionalization?

psychotropic drugs,

changing values,

new philosophy for mental health care

CMHA wanted mental health reform. What was the outcome they hoped: "mental illness should be dealt with in the same organizational, professional framework as physical illness."?

if mental illness medicalized, ppl would get more help as they would be considered to be sick (like physical sickness)

More of the Mind by CMHA about?

advocated for mental health reform so mental illness be treated the same as physical illnesses

Who released "More for the Mind" report?

CMHA

CMHA had a big part in taking mentally ill pts from institution to _______________________?

community

Ways CMHA had major part w deinstitutionalization through pushing for wellbeing to be part of overall health?

psychotropic medication, community services, community housing

First and Second reports by CMHA advocating for mental health reform?

F: More for the Mind

S: Out of the Shadows

Out of the Shadows report abt?

said mental illnesses are discriminated against and not seen the same as physical illnesses,

specific recommendations to mental health in Canada

(Out of the Shadows/More of the Mind) stated that ppl w mentall illness face the same stigma as those with leprosy?

Out of the Shadows

More likely to share that have (physical/mental) illness than (physical/mental) illness?

physical, mental

Historically, ppl had to pay for physician. If unable, _____________ or ________________ organizations can provide _______________ or _________________?

religious, volunteer, care, funding

Indigenous values balance of ____________________ and __________________ care, having connection with mother ______________?

harmony, spiritual, earth

4 sacred medicines indigenous?

tobacco,

cedar,

sweetgrass,

sage

The Great Depression had a part in the evolution of the social __________________ ________________?

safety net

Cause of Great Depression?

stock market crash