Test Review: Modern World History (Counter-Reformation)

What do Humanists and Protestants value in common?

They value human dignity, social justice, and the pursuit of truth.

What were some problems of the church during the Middle Ages?

Corruption, simony, nepotism, absenteeism, uneducated priests, and indulgences.

What were indulgences meant to do?

Indulgences were a loophole out of purgatory, allowing the purchase to send souls to Heaven.

What titles did Martin Luther hold?

Augustinian friar, priest, doctor of Theology, professor, master of arts, Provincial Vicar of Saxony and Thuringia, author, and hymnwriter.

What was the Peace of Augsburg?

A treaty that allowed rulers to choose either Catholicism or Lutheranism as the official religion of their state.

What were the 95 Theses?

A list of arguments written by Martin Luther in 1517 against the practices of the church.

Why did Luther dislike Tetzel?

He was the number 1 seller of indulgences.

What was the outcome of the Diet of Worms?

Martin Luther was condemned by the Holy Roman Emperor and declared an outlaw with his writings deemed heretical.

What were the Jesuits known for?

Their commitment to education, founding schools and universities around the globe.

What did Henry VIII want from the Church?

An annulment for his marriage to Catherine of Aragon.

What Church did Henry VIII create?

The Church of England through the English Reformation.

What is Bernini known for?

Leading figure of the Baroque style in sculpture and prominent architect in Rome.

Why is Mary forced 'Bloody Mary'?

For her persecution of Protestants, resulting in over 300 executions during her reign.

Where did John Calvin settle?

Geneva, Switzerland.

What is the definition of Predestination?

The doctrine that God has already determined who will be saved and who will be damned.

Who founded the Jesuits?

A Spanish soldier named Ignatius de Loyola.

What were Calvinists known as in other countries?

In England: Puritans; in Scotland: Presbyterians; in Holland: Dutch Reform; in France: Huguenots; in Germany: Reform Church.

What was the purpose of the Council of Trent?

To reform the Catholic Church and condemn Protestant Reformation ideas, reaffirming Catholic doctrines and implementing reforms.

What did Luther and Zwingli disagree on?

Their approach to church decor; Luther favored vibrancy while Zwingli preferred simplicity.

Why couldn't Henry VIII get a divorce?

Because Catholic teaching views marriage as a sacrament.

Why does Luther not believe in free will?

He believed human nature was too corrupted, with God having already chosen who would be saved.

What happened to Zwingli?

He died on the battlefield against Catholics in 1531.

Why did Charles give Luther a head start?

Frederick of Saxony advised Charles V to give Luther a chance to escape due to his interest in him.

Define Simony.

The corrupt practice of buying or selling spiritual things like church offices or sacraments.

What is the Catholic Mission?

To spread Jesus Christ's message through gospel, teaching, and service.

How did the printing press help Martin Luther?

It helped him spread his ideas and transcribe the Bible into German.

What happened to John Huss?

He challenged the church, was arrested, and executed for heresy.

What is the difference between Renaissance and Baroque Art?

Renaissance art focuses on balance and stability, while Baroque art emphasizes drama and emotion.

Why was the church selling indulgences?

To raise money for the rebuild of St. Peter’s basilica and other church activities.

What occurred in purgatory?

People with minor sins had to endure punishments to cleanse those sins before going to heaven.

What would you buy an indulgence for?

To ensure a deceased relative could go to heaven and out of purgatory.

What did Luther own in his dormitory?

A kneeler for prayer, as students were not allowed to own much.

What powerful families influenced the Reformation?

The Habsburgs and Medicis.

Where is John Calvin from?

France.

What were the laws in Geneva?

Theocracy.

What was Henry’s justification for an annulment?

He claimed Catherine wasn’t pure and that her virginity was not intact.

Who was Henry’s sister?

Mary and Margaret Tudor.

Define Anathema.

Something strongly disliked; hell.

Define Magisterium.

The teaching authority of the Roman Catholic Church, exercised by bishops or the Pope.

Define Seminary.

A school for training priests, ministers, or rabbis.

What does Saint Teresa tell the clergy?

To focus on spiritual dedication with deep prayer, love, and humility.

What inspired the 'Ecstasy of Saint Teresa'?

A passage from Saint Teresa's autobiography describing a mystical vision of an angel piercing her heart.

What do Boleyn and Howard have in common?

Neither was able to bear a male heir to the throne.

What do Mary and Edward have in common?

Both ruled England for 6 years.