Test Review: Modern World History (Counter-Reformation)


  1. Common Ground between Humanists and Protestants

      Humanists and Protestants share common ground in valuing human dignity, social justice, and the pursuit of truth.


  1. What are the problems of the church during the middle ages?

  • Corruption throughout the church

  • Simony

  • Nepotism

  • Absenteeism

  • Uneducated priests

  • Indulgences

  1. What do indulgences do?

Indulgences were your loophole out of purgatory. Buying an indulgence sends your soul to Heaven. 

  1. All the titles Martin Luther holds.

Augustinian friar/monk, priest, doctor of Theology (or "Doctor Martinus"),  professor, master of arts, Provincial Vicar of Saxony and Thuringia, author, and hymnwriter


  1. Define peace of Augsburg

The Peace of Augsburg, signed on September 25, 1555, was a treaty that ended a religious civil war in the Holy Roman Empire by allowing rulers to choose either Catholicism or Lutheranism as the official religion of their state

  1. What were the 95 Theses?

The 95 Theses were a list of arguments or statements written by Martin Luther in 1517.

  1. Why does Luther not like Tetzel?

He was the number 1 seller of indulgences.

  1. The outcome of the Diet of Worms.

The main outcome of the Diet of Worms was the condemnation of Martin Luther by the Holy Roman Emperor and the Catholic Church, leading to the Edict of Worms which declared him an outlaw and his writings heretical.

  1. What did the Jesuits do?

      Jesuits are most known for their commitment to education, founding schools and universities around the globe.

  1. What did Henry want from the Church?

Henry wanted an annulment for his marriage to Catherine of Aragon.

  1. What does Henry create?

Henry VIII created the Church of England through the English Reformation.

  1. What is Bernini known for?

Gian Lorenzo Bernini is known for being the leading figure of the Baroque style in sculpture and a prominent architect who significantly shaped Rome.




  1. Why is Mary called Bloody Mary?

Mary is called "Bloody Mary" because of her persecution of Protestants during her reign as queen of England. To restore Catholicism, she had over 300 Protestants burned at the stake for their beliefs between 1553 and 1558, a period known as the Marian persecutions.

  1. Where does John Calvin settle? 

Geneva, Switzerland.

  1. Define Predestination

A theological doctrine that God has already determined the eternal fate of individuals, including who will be saved and who will be damned.

  1. Who founded the Jesuits?

 A Spanish Soldier named Ignatius de Loyola.

  1. Make sure you know what Calvinist was called in other countries

  •  England= Puritans

  • Scotland= Presbyterians

  • Holland= Dutch Reform

  • France= Huguenots

  • Germany= Reform Church

  1. The purpose of the Council of Trent 

The Council of Trent's purpose was to reform the Catholic Church and to condemn the ideas of the Protestant Reformation. It did this by reaffirming Catholic doctrines, such as salvation through faith and good works, and by implementing reforms to fix corruption and abuses, like ending the sale of indulgences (they were now free) and improving clergy education.

  1. What do Luther and Zwingli disagree on?

They disagreed with the Church Decor. Martin wanted a more vibrant looking church rather than Zwingli who wanted everything plain and simple.

  1. Why can’t Henry get a divorce?

In Catholic teaching, marriage is a sacrament.

  1. Why does Luther not believe in Free Will?

Luther thought human nature was so corrupted that God had already chosen when we were born who would be saved from purgatory.

  1. What happens to Zwingli?

He died on the battlefield against Catholics in 1531. 

  1. Why does Charles give Luther a head start?

Frederick of Saxony was one of the people who elected Charles V, so Fredrick told Charles V to give Luther a chance to escape because he was interested in him.

  1. Define Simony.

Simony is the corrupt practice of buying or selling things of spiritual value, such as church offices or sacraments. 

  1. What’s the Catholic Mission?

The Catholic mission is to spread the message of Jesus Christ through gospel, teaching, and service to others.

  1. What does the printing press do for Martin?

It helps him spread ideas easily and helps him transcript the bible into German.

  1. What happened to John Huss (if you use an outside source it’s spelt ‘Jan Hus’ but its the same person)

Jan Hus was from Bohemia and he too challenged the church. Though, he was arrested and was found guilty for heresy which later caused his execution. 

  1. What’s the difference between Renaissance and Baroque Art?

Renaissance art emphasizes balance, harmony, and stability, often using symmetrical compositions with clear, defined subjects, while Baroque art is characterized by drama, movement, and intense emotion.

  1. Why was the church selling indulgences?

To raise money for the rebuild of St. Peter’s basilica and other church activities.

  1. What occurred in purgatory?

People who died with minor sins had to endure punishments in order to get rid of all of those sins and be able to go to heaven.

  1. What would you buy an indulgence for?

To let a dead relative be able to go to heaven and out of purgatory.

  1. What was in Luther’s dorm?

He only owned a kneeler to pray on. Nothing else. Staying too long showed ownership so they weren’t allowed to stay a lot.

  1. Powerful family in the Reformation?

The Habsburgs and Medicis.

  1. Where is John Calvin from?

France.

  1. What were the laws in Geneva

Theocracy

  1. Henry’s Justification for an annulment.

Catherine wasn’t pure when they were married (he claimed her virginity wasn’t intact).

  1. Henry’s sister in name.

Mary & Margaret Tudor

  1. Define Anathema.

Something strongly disliked; hell.

  1. Define Magisterium.

The teaching authority of the Roman Catholic Church, especially as exercised by bishops or the Pope.

  1. Define Seminary.

A school for the training of priests, ministers, or rabbis

  1. What does Saint Teresa tell the clergy?

Saint Teresa's teachings to the clergy center on spiritual dedication, emphasizing the importance of deep prayer, love, and humility.

  1. What inspired the ‘Ecstasy of Saint Teresa’? 

The 'Ecstasy of Saint Teresa' was inspired by a passage from the autobiography of Saint Teresa of Ávila, a 16th-century Spanish nun, who described a mystical vision where an angel pierced her heart with a fiery golden spear.

  1. What do Boleyn and Howard have in common?

They both weren’t able to grant any male child to become a male heir for the throne.

  1. What do Mary and Edward have in common?

They both became rulers of England for 6 years.



45 (Essay Open-ended)

Three parts of the Counter Reformation. Describe each fully in body paragraphs.