Biochem

ARISTOTLE

ARISTOTLE

A famous greek philosopher who pioneered zoology, first to classify living things and divided the plants into herbs, shrubs, and trees and animals into land, water, and air dwellers.

CLAUDIUS GALEN

A greek physician who describe the anatomy of the human body based on dissections of apes and pigs. He showed that arteries carry blood.

ANDREAS VERSALIUS

father of modern anatomy. He made the first studies on human anatomy by dissecting corpses “ De Humani Corporis Fabrica”. He pioneered the comparative approach, which is using other animals to know the function and organization of a particular anatomical part of the body.

WILLIAM HARVEY

english physician who showed conclusively that the heart pumps the blood and the blood circulates. He stimulated the development of anatomy by proving the principle that structure and function must be studied together. He gave an accurate account of the mechanism of the circulatory system.

MARCELLO MALPIGHI

Italian physician and anatomist who was the founder of microscopic anatomy. In 1661, he discovered the capillaries, shedding light to the missing element in Harvey’s theory of blood circulation. He observed the microscopic components of the liver, brain, kidneys, spleen, bone, and the inner, or what came to be known as the Malpighian, layer of the skin. He also discovered red blood corpuscles.

ANTON VAN LEEUWENHOEK

He was a cloth merchant and was the first to use the microscope with great observational and descriptive skills. His most important discoveries were microorganisms (including bacteria), sperm cells, and single-celled organisms called protozoans.

CAROLUS LINNAEUS

father of taxonomy, developed binomial nomenclature to classify and organize plants and animals.

GREGOR MENDEL

father of genetics, developed the principles of heredity by studying the variation and heredity of seven pairs of inherited of seven pairs of inherited characteristics in pea plants.

CHARLES DARWIN

the most prominent figure in the history of biology. His book “origin of species” presents the theory of evolution by natural selection. His work provided a unifying, organizing framework for the field of biology.

LEON MA. GUERRERO

father of pharmacophytology. He identified hundreds of trees and herbs and sought to extract from them certain substances with therapeutic properties. First to identify and describe plants that poison fish.

ANGEL S. ARGUELLES

taught filipino planters and farmers how to use fertilizers and pesticides. His name is listed among the “American men of science”.

NEMOSIO L. MENDIOLA

introduced better varieties of fruits, vegetables, and flowering plants. He was referred to as the Luther Burnbank of the Philippines.

FELIX D. MARAMBA SR.

He contributed a machine that could turn rice hull into fuels for farm engines, a charcoal and a coconut-oil fed power generator and the biogas technology. He was indeed a man of ingenuity in agricultural technology.

JUAN SALCEDO

Launched the biggest project in the history of Philippine medicine - the inclusion of enriched rice in the Filipino diet. He was among the first batch of national scientists named by the National Academy of Science and Technology (NAST).

FE DEL MUNDO

Invented the incubator and the jaundice-relieving device for babies. She wrote many books and research papers on pediatrics. She was proclaimed a National Scientist in 1980.

ROMANS

When Romans discovered they were able to make glass in the 1st century BC, things changed for the better.

THEORY

A set of principles developed over time via multiple investigations. The discovery of the cell was made through the invention of the microscope between 1665-1838.

CELL THEORY

1. The cell is the basic unit of life

2. All living things are made of cells

3. Cells come from pre-existing cells

Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM)

bounces electrons off of a whole gold- coated sample to create vivid 3-D images 1⁄2

Transmission Electron Microscope

bounces electrons off of a sliced sample to create very detailed images

ROBERT HOOKE

• 1665, Used light microscope to look at thin slices of plant tissues -- cork

• Looked empty, like monk’s chamber

• Called tiny chambers “cells”

MATTHIAS SCHLEIDEN

1838, German Botanist (studied plants). Viewed plant parts under a microscope. Discovered that plant parts are made of cells. He concluded: “All plants are made of cells.”

THEODOR SCHWANN

1839, From investigating and experimenting with plant & animal cells, _______ was able to determine that all animals are made of cells.

RUDOLF VIRCHOW

1855, German physician who studied cell reproduction “Where a cell exists, there must have been a preexisting cell.”

biochemistry

Study of the structure, composition, and chemical reactions of substances in living systems.

uses of biochemistry

AGRICULTURE

MEDICINE

NUTRITION

CLINICAL CHEMISTRY

PHARMACOLOGY

TOXICOLOGY

Pharmacology and toxicology

concerned with the effects of external chemical substances on metabolism. Drugs and poisons usually act by interfering with specific metabolic pathways.

European Federation for Medicinal Chemistry

says the biochemistry is a guide to drug discovery and for its application. For example, the morphine is a drug that reduce the pain in terminal cancer.

CELLULAR FOUNDATION

All cells have some similar structural components, including genetic material in the form of chromosomes, a membrane bound lipid bilayer that separates the inside of the cell from the outside of the cell, and ribosomes that are responsible for protein synthesis.

PHYSICAL FOUNDATION

Reactions and Energy Changes – Some reactions will go to completion and will be irreversible in nature, while other reactions form an equilibrium between the reactants and the products and can move in the forward or the reverse direction.

GENETIC, EPIGENETIC, & EVOLUTIONARY FOUNDATION

The development of complex biological organisms on our planet has arisen through the evolutionary mechanism of natural selection.

CHEMICAL FOUNDATION

biochemical unity – universality of chemical intermediates and transformation.