Science earthquake test

what does aim mean

an aim is a statement on the purpose of your experiment. it's your goal

independant variable

the one you are changing

dependant variable

the one you measure

control variable

the ones that you keep the same

why do we need an equiptment list

so we know all the equiptment that we need to conduct the experiment and we can get everything out and be prepared

what is the purpose of a procedure

so we know how to conduct the experiment and we are doing it correctly

what is reliability

it is how consistant the results of an experiment are when repeated

how do we increase reliability

we increase it by doing the experiment multiple times like doing it three times and then getting the average. doing that means the experiment is reliable

what is validity

how well a study or experiment measures what it is intended to measure

how do we increase validity

we increase validity by having more control variables thinks that we keep the same, and you can also use a control group that is when you have one test when you get rid of the independant variable and it helps with validity

6 things to increase in a graph

title include independant and dependant variable

scale evenly spaced

right graph line or coloum

label axes plus units

plot correctly

legend/key if requaired

when do you use a line graph

a line graph is continues data, if the independant veriable is numbers then it is a line graph

when do you use a colum graph

when the data is discrete and the independant variable is in words

What is a seismograph

they are very sensetive and can detect earthquakes that occur very far away that might be to faint for humans to feel.

how are seismographs made

they are made by hanging a heavy weight from a rigid frame connected to the ground, when the ground moves in a earthquake the frame moves back and forth along with the ground. a pen is on the weight and from the motion it creates a piece of paper with all the shakes detected on it.

how building are made earthquake resestant

using a base isolation system. they isolate the buildings base from the movement of the ground allowing the building and ground to move independantly of each other. They have a spring that returns the building to its original position after an earthquake. They have damping friction that helps absorb the energy from the earthquake and prevent the building from oscillating back and forth for a long time.

why are earthquake protection systems important

they are important because in cites where earthquakes are more common it insures that less people are killed and the buildings are left as they where before.

what is the richter scale

it is one way to measure the magnitude of an earthquake. it goes up in ten so an earthquake measuring 6 on the scale is ten times greater then a level 5 so it tecnicly goes up by tens not ones.

geoshpere

all the natural things on earth including rocks and the earths crust

biosphere

all the living things on earth including plants and animals

hydrosphere

all the water on earth including the rain and oceans and seas

atmosphere

all the air that sorrounds the earth and the air that we breathe

magnetosphere

the region around the planet dominated by is protective magnetic sheild against harmful wind and radiation.

layers of the earth

crust-soild

mantle-semi solid

outer core-liquid

inner core-solid

how does earths magnetic field relate to the inner structure of earth

the solid inner core plays a crutial role by influencing the fluid motions of the outer core which are driven by convection and earth rotation.

What is the theroy of tectonic plates

it is the theroy that the earths crust was cracked into many large pieces that move on the asthenosphere. the asthenosphere is really important when talking about tectonic plates

theroy of contenental drift

Wegeners theroy as new evidence emerged from advancements in technology and ocean exploration. The theory suggests that the continents are part of tectonic plates that float on the semi-fluid mantle beneath the Earth's crust.

Why ancient landmasses no longer exist

because of tectonic plates and the countinuous movement of them which caused the continants to break apart.

Difference between ocean and continental crust

ocean crust is where the ocean is and continental crust is where the land is.

Condinental drift

the theroy that earth continents have moved over time to their current possitions

Convection currents and the movement of continental plates

using the heat from the earths core to create a flow in the mantle which causes the plates to push and pull

why do earthquakes occur

caused by the sudden release of stress that builds along fault lines, which are crackes in the earths crust

plate boundary

where tectonic plates meet and are the sites of events like earthquakes and volacnos and the formation of mountains and trenchs.

different plate boundaries

Divergant-when plates are moving apart from each other it creates a deep crack between them

Convergent-when to plates collide into another it creates mountains

Transform- when two plates are sliding parallel to each other but in opposite directions, when this happenes there is an earthquake

effects earthquakes have

Earthquakes in the ocean can create tsunamis which can destory cites and make things wash away, earthquakes cause the ground to shake which can damage and possibley make some buliding collapse