Cell Biology and DNA Fingerprinting Flashcards

Flashcards for cell biology and DNA fingerprinting review.

Golgi apparatus

The part of the cell that packages materials and transports them within the cell.

Vacuole

The part of the cell that stores food, water, and waste.

Ribosomes

The part of the cell where proteins are made.

Lysosomes

The part of the cell that contains digestive enzymes.

Mitochondria

The powerhouse of the cell that creates energy.

Nucleolus

The part of the cell that produces ribosomes.

Nucleus

The part of the cell that contains DNA chromosomes.

Cytoplasm

The watery material of the cell.

Chloroplasts

The major function of chloroplasts is to perform photosynthesis.

Lumen

The storage space between the endoplastic reticulum.

Plant Cells Unique Structures

The cell wall, the chloroplast, and a large central vacuole. These are in plant cells but not animal cells.

Semi-autonomous Organelles

Mitochondria and chloroplasts are considered semi-autonomous because they have their own DNA and ribosomes.

Centrosome

The structure in an animal cell that contains both the centriole and the spindle fibers.

G1 Phase

In the interphase, the G1 phase relates to growth and development.

S Stage

In the interphase, the S stage relates to DNA synthesis.

G2 Phase

In the interphase, the G2 phase means the cells get ready for mitosis.

Prophase

The nuclear membrane disappears.

Metaphase

Chromatids line up on the cell's equator.

Anaphase

Chromatids separate.

Telophase

Chromosomes return to the chromatin state.

Cytokinesis

The division of cytoplasm occurs.

DNA Extraction

The first step of RFLP is extraction of DNA from a cell.

DNA Cutting

The second step of RFLP is DNA is cut with restriction enzymes.

Gel Electrophoresis

The third step of RFLP is gel electrophoresis is run on the DNA sample.

Radioactive Probes

The fourth step of RFLP is radioactive probes are applied and bind to the DNA fragments.

Photographic Film Application

The fifth step of RFLP is photographic film is applied to gel.

Photographic Film Development

The sixth step of RFLP is the photographic film is developed.

DNA Profile Production

The seventh step of RFLP is the DNA profile is produced and bands are analyzed.

DNA Fingerprinting Basis

The use of DNA fingerprinting relies on the fact that no two people except identical twins have exactly the same DNA profile.

Micropipette Filling

In order to fill a micropipette, first, you depress, next, hold, next, insert, next, release, and lastly, remove.

Gel Filling

In order to fill a gel, first, you insert, next, you depress, next, you hold, Next, you remove. Next, you release.

Well

The well is the holes in the gel.

Restriction Enzymes

Restriction enzymes are used to separate the DNA into DNA fragments.

PCR Starting Materials

Restriction enzymes, bonding primers, adding nucleotides, and hydrogen bonds are starting materials for the PCR process.

Annealing

The bonding of primers to the DNA.

Denaturing

The first step of PCR is denaturing. This is when you heat the DNA strand to 95 degrees in order to separate the strands.

Annealing (PCR)

Annealing is the cooling of the strands to 55 degrees Celsius in order to bind specific primers to specific segments.

Extending

Extending is the heating of the strands to 72 degrees Celsius.