Anterior Chamber

glaucoma

is the increased pressure of the eye that could lead to blindness if not managed properly.

corneal endothelium

ANTERIOR CHAMBER is bounded anteriorly by the ____ _______

trabecular meshwork, ciliary body, iris root

ANTERIOR CHAMBER is bounded peripherally by the ___ ______, a portion of the ___ _____ and the ____ _____.

anterior iris surface, pupillary area

ANTERIOR CHAMBER is bounded Posteriorly by the ___ ____ _____ and the ___ ______ of the anterior lens

corneoscleral, uveal coats

ANTERIOR CHAMBER ANGLE is Formed at the periphery of the chamber, where the _____ and ___ ______ meet

ANTERIOR CHAMBER ANGLE

The aqueous humor exits the anterior chamber through the structure located in this angle

Open-Angle Glaucoma (Chronic)

This is the most common and also known as chronic because balik2 siya.

Open-Angle Glaucoma (Chronic)

Causes problem in the retinal area, specifically the optic disc area, it stretches it. It causes the tearing of the peripheral area of the retina.

Open-Angle Glaucoma (Chronic)

The symptom of the first stage: reduce visual field in the peripheral area of the retina

Night blindness, Floaters

Open-Angle Glaucoma (Chronic) common symptoms

Acute Glaucoma

This is the most dangerous type of glaucoma

narrow

In Close-Angle Glaucoma (Acute) the angle is very ____, that’s why it will limit the exit of the aqueous humor

trabecular meshwork, Schlemm’s canal

Structures through which aqueous exits, consists of the ___ _______ and ___ _______

INTERNAL SCLERAL SULCUS

These, along with the scleral spur occupy the excavated area located at the internal corneoscleral junction known as the ___ ____ _______

Scleral Spur

Lies at the posterior edge of the internal scleral sulcus

Scleral Spur POSTERIOR PORTION

the attachment site for the tendon of the longitudinal ciliary muscle fibers

Trabecular Meshwork

acts like a strainer to avoid clogging

circumference of the anterior chamber

Trabecular meshwork encircles the _______ __________ ___ ______

triangular shape with its apex at the termination of Descemet’s membrane and its base at the scleral spur

Trabecular Meshwork IN CROSS SECTION

anterior chamber

Trabecular Meshwork Inner face borders the _____ _______

corneal stroma, sclera, Schlemm’s canal

Trabecular Meshwork outer side lies against ___ ______, _____ and _____ ______

flattened perforated sheets

Trabecular Meshwork is composed of ___ _____ _______, with 3 – 5 sheets at the apex

SPACES OF FONTANA

Trabecular Meshwork is an open latticework, the branches of which interlace Intertrabecular spaces between the sheets are connected through pores or openings within the sheets (_____ ___ ________)

CORNEOSCLERAL MESHWORK, UVEAL MESHWORK

Trabecular Meshwork can be separated into two anatomic division (exit points where the AQ is drained out). What are these two?

UVEAL MESHWORK

Inner sheets lie inner to the spur and attach to the ciliary stroma and longitudinal muscle fibers

UVEAL MESHWORK

Cordlike

corneoscleral meshwork

most of the aqueous humor will flow out from the eye to the _________ _____

CORNEOSCLERAL MESHWORK

Outer region

CORNEOSCLERAL MESHWORK

Sheets attach to the scleral spur

CORNEOSCLERAL MESHWORK

Sheetlike

This is a circular vessel

Considered to be a venous channel although it normally contains aqueous humor rather than blood

Outer to the trabecular meshwork and anterior to the scleral spur

External wall lies against the limbal sclera, and the internal wall lies against the trabeculae and the scleral spur

CRIBRIFORM LAYER OR JUXTACANALICULAR TISSUE

Region separating the endothelial cell lining of the canal from the trabecular meshwork is called the?

ENDOTHELIUM

_____ is anchored to the cribriform layer by a network of fibers that is also connected to the tendon of the ciliary muscle

Provide an exit for the aqueous humor

Primary function of Schlemm’s canal and the trabecular meshwork?

narrows, decreases

With age, the AC angle width ______ and the AC volume _____, probably secondary to lens growth

Narrowing, angle-closure glaucoma

______ is more significant in women and may be related to the higher incidence of ___ ____ _____in elderly women

an age- related decrease in aqueous production

Other aging changes may be in response to?

posterior chamber

Aqueous Produced by the EPITHELIUM OF THE PARS PLICATA OF THE CILIARY BODY and is secreted into the ___ _______ from the ciliary processes

pigment, nonpigmented epithelium

Aqueous humor is secreted from ____ to the ____ ______, then secreted to the posterior chamber

oxygen, glucose,

Aqueous humor provides necessary metabolites, primarily ______ and ____, to the avascular cornea and lens

Aqueous humor

______ _____ is major to the anterior chamber of the eye, especially to the cornea.

convection currents

In the anterior chamber, the aqueous circulates in ____ ______, moving down along the cooler cornea and up along the warmer iris and exiting through the periphery of the chamber

5 – 35

Aqueous passes through the spaces within the uveal meshwork _____% of the total outflow then passes into the connective tissue spaces surrounding the ciliary muscle bundles

suprachoroidal space, vortex veins

Aqueous passes through the spaces within the uveal meshwork 5 – 35% of the total outflow then passes into the connective tissue spaces surrounding the ciliary muscle bundles

Then moves into the ___ _____ and is absorbed into anterior ciliary veins and ___ _____

juxtacanalicular tissue

Rest of the aqueous moves into the narrower pores of the corneoscleral meshwork and through the ____ _______ and the endothelial lining into Schlemm’s canal

Vacuoles

____ open and close intermittently

Creating transient, transcellular, unidirectional channels that provide a means for transporting large molecules, such as proteins, across the endothelium

canal

Flow occurs only into the ____

basal surface

An indentation forms in the ___ ____ of the endothelial cell, gradually enlarges, and eventually opens onto the apical surface

cytoplasm

The _____ in the basal aspect of the cell moves to occlude the opening

Schlemm’s canal

Greatest volume of aqueous humor diffuses passively into ____ _____

corneoscleral meshwork

More than 50% of AQ goes to the ___ _______

1. Modifying their permeability and

2. Increasing the ease by which aqueous flows into the canal

Tight intercellular junctions may respond to changing physiologic conditions by

evaginations

Internal wall of Schlemm’s canal contains a number of ____ (blind pouches) that extend into the juxtacanalicular tissue toward the trabecular meshwork

Sondermann

Internal collector channels of ______ can be fairly long and branching and serve to increase the surface area of the canal

trabecular space

Endothelium is always separated from the ___ _____ by a sheet of tissue

zonula occludens

Endothelial cells lining the external wall of Schlemm’s canal are joined by ___ ______and contain no vacuoles

25, 35

___ to ___ external collector channels branch from the outer wall of Schlemm’s canal and empty into either the deep scleral plexus or the intrascleral plexus of veins

Aqueous veins of Ascher

____ _____ __ ______ which pass directly to the episcleral veins, provide another route from the canal

episcleral, conjunctival veins

25 to 35 external collector channels branch from the outer wall of Schlemm’s canal and empty into either the deep scleral plexus or the intrascleral plexus of veins Then drains into the ____ and ______ ____