AFRO USH SEM II - WWII

President for three terms and attempted to keep the U.S. neutral in WWII using policies like the Four Freedoms and the Atlantic Charter?

Franklin D. Roosevelt

Which president authorized the use of atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki?

Harry S. Truman

Who planned the 1941 March on Washington to protest segregation in war industries?

A. Philip Randolph

Who was the first Black general in the U.S. Army and leader of the Tuskegee Airmen?

Gen. Benjamin O. Davis

Who was the Black Navy cook who manned anti-aircraft guns during the Pearl Harbor attack?

Doris Miller

Who developed techniques for blood preservation and helped establish WWII blood banks?

Dr. Charles Drew

"Which Black Olympian won four gold medals in 1936, undermining Nazi racial ideology?"

Jesse Owens

What was FDR’s policy under the Neutrality Act allowing nations to buy weapons with cash?

Cash and Carry

What 1941 act allowed the U.S. to lend or lease war supplies to countries vital to U.S. defense?

Lend-Lease Act

What were the Four Freedoms that FDR outlined in his 1941 speech?

Freedom of speech, freedom of worship, freedom from want, freedom from fear"

What was the name of the 1941 U.S.-UK agreement promoting no territorial gains and self-determination?

Atlantic Charter

What event led to the U.S. declaring war on Japan and entering WWII?

"Pearl Harbor Attack (December 7, 1941)"

What Pacific strategy involved seizing strategic islands and bypassing heavily fortified ones?

Island Hopping

What was the top-secret U.S. program to develop atomic bombs called?

The Manhattan Project

What cities were targeted with atomic bombs in August 1945?

Hiroshima and Nagasaki

What July 1945 declaration warned Japan to surrender or face destruction?

Potsdam Declaration

What term describes FDR’s push for U.S. industry to supply war materials to the Allies?

Arsenal of Democracy

What WWII movement by Black Americans demanded victory against fascism and racism?

Double V Campaign

What executive order banned racial discrimination in the defense industry in 1941?

Executive Order 8802

What agency enforced EO 8802 and investigated unfair hiring in war industries?

Fair Employment Practices Commission (FEPC)

"What term describes the forced incarceration of 120,000 Japanese Americans during WWII?"

apanese Internment

What executive order authorized the forced relocation of Japanese Americans?

Executive Order 9066

What was life like in Japanese internment camps?

"Harsh conditions, isolation, discrimination, property loss" and limited freedoms characterized life in Japanese internment camps.

What was the all-Japanese American WWII unit that became the most decorated in U.S. history?

442nd Regimental Combat Team

What 1944 Supreme Court case upheld the constitutionality of Japanese internment?

Korematsu v. U.S.

What did the U.S. do in 1988 to apologize for Japanese internment?

,"Issued apology and paid $20,000 to each surviving internee"

How did the U.S. finance the war effort domestically?

War Bonds

What were Victory Gardens?

Homegrown food gardens to support the war effort and reduce food supply pressure

What agency converted civilian factories to war production and boosted military output?

War Productions Board (WPB)

What agency resolved labor disputes and promoted the 'No Strike Pledge'?

National War Labor Board

What agency controlled prices and rents to prevent wartime inflation?

Office of Price Administration

What office monitored communications to prevent military information leaks?

Office of Censorship

What organization mobilized civilian volunteers to support the war effort?

Office of Civilian Defense

What office managed war-related media and propaganda during WWII?

Office of War Information

How did WWII affect women in the workforce?

"Millions worked in factories and military roles, but many lost jobs postwar"

What were the Zoot Suit Riots?

1943 racial attacks on Mexican American youth in Los Angeles by white servicemen

Who were the Navajo Code Talkers?

Native American Marines who used Navajo language as unbreakable WWII code

How did WWII affect the Great Depression?

Ended it by creating 17 million jobs and full employment

What was the significance of FDR’s Four Freedoms speech?

"The Four Freedoms: Freedom of speech, freedom of worship, freedom from want, freedom from fear."

What happened during the Pearl Harbor Attack?

"December 7, 1941: Japan launched a surprise attack on the U.S. naval base in Hawaii, leading to the U.S. entering WWII."

What was life like in Internment Camps for Japanese Americans?

"Life in Internment Camps: Japanese Americans faced harsh conditions, isolation, discrimination, and property loss."

What was Korematsu v. U.S. (1944)?

A Supreme Court case that upheld Japanese American internment as a military necessity.

What did the 1988 U.S. Apology for Internment include?

President Reagan formally apologized and paid $20,000 to each surviving internee or descendant."

What were Victory Gardens?

Citizens were encouraged to grow food at home to support the war effort and reduce pressure on the public food supply.

How did WWII affect women in the workforce?

"Women in the Workforce: By 1944, 3.5 million women worked in factories and served in military support roles; many lost jobs after the war."

What happened during the Mexican Americans and Zoot Suit Riots?

"In 1943, white sailors attacked Mexican American youth wearing zoot suits in Los Angeles, highlighting racial tensions."

Who were the Navajo Code Talkers?

U.S. military used the Navajo language as an unbreakable code; 420 served and were vital in the Pacific Theater.

How did WWII help end the Great Depression?

"WWII and the Great Depression: The war created 17 million jobs and brought full employment, ending the Depression."