AP Psychology Unit 1 Quiz II

addiction

compulsive need for & use of a drug

Insomnia

consistent lack of sleep and/or inability to maintain sleep, affects 10% of the population

night terror

waking up screaming and have no idea why, not a nightmare, most common in children (boys) between ages of 2-8

drugs

a medicine or other substance which has a physiological effect when ingested or otherwise introduced into the body

narcolepsy

uncontrolled bouts of falling asleep (short or long), sleepiness and falling asleep at unpredictable or inappropriate times, directly into REM sleep, less than .001% of the population

stimulant

increase neural activity & speed up body functions

hallucinogen

psychiatric drugs, distort perceptions & evoke sensory images in the absence of sensory input

depressant

are a class of drugs that reduce neural activity and slow body functions; the three primary subgroups of depressants are: alcohol, barbiturates, and opiates

conscious

awareness of oneself and one’s environment

sleep apnea

temporary seizing of breath and micro-wake ups that interrupt sleeping cycles and deplete people of deep sleep, one wakes up and gasps for air then falls back asleep, very common especially in heavy males, can be fatal

circadian rhythms

biological clock, regulate bodily rhythms that occur on a 24 hour cycle, physical, mental, and behavioral changes

preconscious

level below conscious, memories and info can be retrieved into immediate conscious awareness (info that you are thinking at the moment)

unconscious / subconscious

unacceptable thoughts, memories, wishes in which we are unaware, but still control our behavior, info is hidden

sleep patterns

Sleep patterns involve cycling through two main phases of sleep: rapid eye movement (REM) and non-REM sleep. Each sleep cycle lasts about 90 minutes and consists of four stages: three non-REM stages and one REM stage

dissociation theory

Dissociation is a process whereby an individual feels disconnected or begins to disconnect from their memories, emotions, thoughts, feelings, and even their identity

REM (rapid eye movement) sleep

4th stage of the sleep cycle, high frequency brain waves, increased pulse and breathing, paralysis up large muscles and dreaming, may help with learning and consolidating new memories

EEG (electroencephalography)

measures electrical activity of the brain using electrodes placed on the scalp, useful for studying brain waves and diagnosing conditions like epilepsy

altered state of consciousness

when a persons sense of self or sensory world changes

meditation

mental exercise that trains attention and awareness. Its purpose is often to curb reactivity to one's negative thoughts and feelings, which, though they may be disturbing and upsetting and hijack attention from moment to moment, are invariably fleeting.

role theory

Role theory is a concept in social psychology that examines how roles influence various psychological outcomes, including behavior, attitudes, cognitions, and social interaction

opiates

morphine/heroin, oxycodone, simulate endorphins (pleasure chemicals), decrease pain and create a euphoric state of consciousness

nonconscious

mental process that goes on in which the individual is aware, basic biological functions, heart rate, breathing, no control over these functions, not aware of them

decreased anxiety

decrease or alleviate feelings of worry, fear, or unease

biofeedback

mind-body technique that involves using visual or auditory feedback to teach people to recognize the physical signs and symptoms of stress and anxiety, such as increased heart rate, body temperature, and muscle tension

increased self esteem

withdrawal

the severe discomfort and distress after discontinuing an addictive drug or behavior

mantra

repeated phrase or sound used in meditation or for spiritual and mental healing purposes. It helps clear the mind of distracting thoughts and induces a state of relaxation, allowing the individual to reach a deeper level of consciousness

non-rem 1

short, hypnogogic, falling asleep state, body isn’t fully relaxed but the body and brain start to slow down

non-rem 2

relaxed muscles, slowed breathing & heart rate, brain waves show new patterns and eye movement stop, brain activity slows down

non-rem 3

delta brain waves, deep sleep, brain drains its chemical waste created during the day, without this stage our brain cannot continue its function, majority is done in the first half of the night, most of our body’s immune function and tissue repair happen here