Micro Pathogens

Propionibacterium acnes (Cutisbacterium acnes) is gram _____ and ____ shaped

positive

rod

Propionibacterium acnes (Cutisbacterium acnes) mode of transmission

residential bacteria

skin to skin contact

Propionibacterium acnes (Cutisbacterium acnes) site of infection

skin

Propionibacterium acnes (Cutisbacterium acnes) signs and symptoms

inflammatory lesions (acne)

Propionibacterium acnes (Cutisbacterium acnes) virulence factors

exoenzymes

hyaluronidase

biofilm

how do Propionibacterium acnes (Cutisbacterium acnes) exoenzymes work

damage the hair follicle

how does Propionibacterium acnes (Cutisbacterium acnes) hyaluronidase work

supports invasion by degrading hyaluronan between epithelial cells

Staphylococcus aureus is gram ____, and it is _____ of ______

positive

clusers

cocci

Staphylococcus aureus mode of transmission

residential bacteria

skin to skin

Staphylococcus aureus site of infection

dermis

Staphylococcus aureus signs and symptums

furuncle

carbuncle

Staphylococcus aureus virulence factors

hemolysins

coagulase

leukocidins

protein a

how does hemolysins of Staphylococcus aureus work

enzymes that destroy RBC and liberate hemoglobin

how does coagulase Staphylococcus aureus work

a plasma-clotting protein that helps wall off the bacterial cells

how does Leukocidins Staphylococcus aureus work

kills WBS and causes the productino of pus

how does protein A Staphylococcus aureus work

inhibits phagocytosis by binding to the constant region of antibiodies

Streptococcus pyogenes is gram _____, ____ shaped in _____

positive

cocci

chains

Streptococcus pyogenes mode of transmission

direct contact

droplet

Streptococcus pyogenes site of infection

throat

can become systemic

Streptococcus pyogenes signs (local)

strep

fever

inflamation

pain

swolloen tonsils

patches of pus

Streptococcus pyogenes signs (systemic)

tongue rash

heart damage

joint damage

Streptococcus pyogenes virulance factors (local)

exoenzymes

hyaluronidase

streptokinase

exotoxins

Streptococcus pyogenes virulance factors (systemic)

erythrogenic toxin

Streptococcus pyogenes hyluronidase

supports invasion by degrading hyaluronan between epithelial cells

Streptococcus pyogenes streptokinase

leads to break down of blood blots, which helps spread the pathogen

Streptococcus pyogenes exotoxins

streptolysins that can destroy red and white blood cells, releasing nutrients

Streptococcus pyogenes erythrogeic toxin

attacks plasma membranes of capillary endothelial cells

Mycobacterium tuberculosis is ______ bacteria, and a strict ____

acid fast

aerobe

Mycobacterium tuberculosis mode of transportation

inhalation of droplets by coughing talking singing, breathing

Mycobacterium tuberculosis site of infection

macrophages in the lungs

Mycobacterium tuberculosis symptoms

cough

coughing blood

fever

night sweats

exhaustion

loss of appetite

Mycobacterium tuberculosis virulence factors

mycolic acid

urease

antigen 85

flagellum

Mycobacterium tuberculosis mycolic acid

prevents digestion by macrophages and antibiotic resistance

Mycobacterium tuberculosis urease

converts urea into CO2 and ammonia. The base prevents acidification of the phagosome, which prevents fusion of phagosome with a lysozome

Mycobacterium tuberculosis antigen 85

a group of proteins secreted by MTB that find fibronectin, helps wall off bacteria from imune system

Uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) is gram _____, _____ shaped, a faculatiative _____

negative

rob

anerobe

Uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) mode of transmission

resident bacteria

Uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) site of infection

urethra/bladder

Uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) symptoms

fever

dysuria

pyruia

hematuria

Uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) virulence factors

P-type pili

capsule

falgella

fimbriae

alpha hemolysin

iron receptors

Uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) P-type pili

has receptor for the P antigen

Clamydia trachomatis is gram ____, _____ shaped, an obligate ________, and ______motile

negative

spherical

intracellular pathogen

non

Clamydia trachomatis mode of transmission

genital, oral, or anal sex

childbirth

Clamydia trachomatis site of infection

penis

vagina

mouth

anus

eye

Clamydia trachomatis initial symptoms

unusual discharge

pain or buring when urinating

low abdominal pain and nausea

bleeding between periods

testicular swelling

Clamydia trachomatis long term symptoms

pelvic inflammatory disease

Clamydia trachomatis virulence factors

express TARP

what does TARP do Clamydia trachomatis

causes ruffling of host cells, rearranging actin to bring bacteria into host cell

Neisseria gonorrhea is gram _____, ____ motile, AEROBIC/ANAEROBIC, _____ human infection, and ______

negative

non

aerobic

obligate

diplococci

Neisseria gonorrhea mode of transmission

genital, oral, or anal sex

childhirth

Neisseria gonorrhea site of infection

penis

vagina

mouth

anus

eye

Neisseria gonorrhea initial symptoms

unusual discharge

pain or burning urination

low abdominal pain and nausea

bleeding between periods

testicular swelling

Neisseria gonorrhea long term symptoms

pelvic inflammatory disease

Neisseria gonorrhea virulance factors

pili

secretes DNA

antigenic variation

Neisseria gonorrhea pili

help cells adhere to surfaces

Neisseria gonorrhea DNA secretion

increases horizontal gene transfer, easy to pick up antibiotic resistence

Neisseria gonorrhea antigenic variation

causes pili to constantly change and avoid immune detection, polyploid

Helicobacter pylori is gram ______, _____ shaped

negative

spiral

Helicobacter pylori mode of transportation

oral-fecal route

vertically from mother to infant

Helicobacter pylori site of infection

epithelial cells of the stomach

Helicobacter pylori symptoms

bloating, burping nausea, untreated leads to ulcer

Helicobacter pylori virulence factors

flagellum

urease

mucinase

Helicobacter pylori flagellum

moves cells towards regions of high pH, towards stomach lining, and away from stomach acid

Helicobacter pylori urease

buffers bacterium from stomach acid

mucinase Helicobacter pylori

exoenzyme, helps soften mucin layer of the stomach

Vibrio cholera is curved _____, gram ______, and _____ singles

rods

negative

aquatic

Vibrio cholera mode of transportation

oral to fecal

Vibrio cholera site of infection

small intestine, but must survive stomach first

Vibrio cholera symptoms

rice-water stool

vomiting

dehydration

hypovolemic shock

death

low bp

Vibrio cholera virulence factors

mucus layer

flagella

cholera toxin

Vibrio cholera mucus layer

protects from acidic stomach

Vibrio cholera flagella

allows to burrow through mucus lining of intestin

Vibrio cholera cholera toxin

loss of ions to the lumen of the intestine, leading water to follow

Clostridium difficile (C-diff) is gram _____, ____ shaped, and an obligate _____

positive

rob

anaerobe

Clostridium difficile (C-diff) mode of transmission

residential bacteria

Clostridium difficile (C-diff) site of infection

colon

Clostridium difficile (C-diff) symptoms

colitis

diarrhea

fever

loss of appetite

death

Clostridium difficile (C-diff) virulence factors

spore forming

toxin A and toxin B

Clostridium difficile (C-diff) toxin A and toxin B

activate actin and causes invagination of intestinal epithelial cells, leading to pooled bacteria