Topic 1- atoms, ions and compounds

Hydrochloric acid

Hydrochloric acid

A strong mineral acid (HCl)

Sulphuric acid

A highly corrosive mineral acid (H2SO4)

Nitric acid

A strong mineral acid (HNO3)

Phosphoric acid

A weak acid used in fertilizers (H3PO4)

Sodium hydroxide

A strong base (NaOH)

Potassium hydroxide

An inorganic compound used in industry (KOH)

Ammonia

A colorless gas with a pungent odor (NH3)

Sodium carbonate

An alkaline compound (Na2CO3)

Ethanoic acid

Acetic acid found in vinegar (CH3COOH)

Cations

Positively charged ions

Anions

Negatively charged ions

Aluminium

Metal cation (Al3+)

Bromide

An anion (Br-)

Ammonium

Positively charged polyatomic ion (NH4+)

Chloride

An anion (Cl-)

Barium

Metal cation (Ba2+)

Carbonate

An anion (CO3^2-)

Calcium

Metal cation (Ca2+)

Hydrogencarbonate

An anion (HCO3-)

Copper

Metal cation (Cu2+)

Hydroxide

An anion (OH-)

Iron

Metal cation (Fe2+ or Fe3+)

Nitrate

An anion (NO3-)

Lead

Metal cation (Pb2+)

Oxide

An anion (O2-)

Magnesium

Metal cation (Mg2+)

Sulphate

An anion (SO4^2-)

Potassium

Metal cation (K+)

Sodium

Metal cation (Na+)

Zinc

Metal cation (Zn2+)

Sodium chloride

Common table salt (NaCl)

Magnesium chloride

A compound of magnesium and chlorine (MgCl2)

Calcium carbonate

A common substance in rocks and shells (CaCO3)

Magnesium oxide

An inorganic compound (MgO)

Silver nitrate

A compound used in silver staining (AgNO3)

Silver chloride

A white precipitate formed in reactions (AgCl)

Barium sulphate

An insoluble compound used in medicine (BaSO4)

Carbon dioxide

A colorless gas essential for plant life (CO2)

Water

A transparent, odorless liquid (H2O)

Carbon monoxide

A toxic gas produced by incomplete combustion (CO)

Sulphur dioxide

A pungent gas released during volcanic eruptions (SO2)

Chlorine

A toxic, greenish-yellow gas (Cl2)

Methane

A colorless, odorless gas (CH4)

Ethane

A hydrocarbon gas (C2H6)

Propane

A flammable gas used for heating and cooking (C3H8)

Butane

A hydrocarbon gas used in lighters (C4H10)

What is an isotope?

Atoms of the same element but different number of neutrons ( so different relative atomic mass number.)

What is relative isotopic mass?

The mass of an atom of an isotope compared with 1/12th mass of an atom of Carbon-12.

What is Relative molecular mass? (Mr)

The average mass of a molecule of an element or compound compared to 1/12th the mass of an atom of Carbon-12.

What is the relative atomic mass number (Ar)?

The weighted mean mass of an atom compared with 1/12th mass of an atom of Carbon-12; This is equal to the number that of protons and neutrons in the atom.

What is the Relative Formula mass?

The mass of the formula unit of a compound with a giant structure.

What is a Binary compound? (3 points)

• A compound which contains only 2 elements.

• To name them, we use the name first of the metal element and then change the ending of the second to the suffix, -ide.

• For ionic compounds, the metal ion always comes first (e.g sodium oxide).

What does the suffix ‘-ate’ mean?

Oxygen present.

What does the suffix ‘ide’ mean?

No oxygen present.

What is a spectator ion?

An ion which remains unchanged.

What does an Ionic compound contain? How do we work out the formula

A cation and an Anion.

The formula can be worked out from the charge on each ion.

What is a Polyatomic ion?

An ion containing atoms of more than one element bonded together.

What are the features of covalent compounds? (3 points)

• non metal- metal

• Don’t contain ions

• Exist as a small number of molecules bonded together

What is the formula unit?

The formula worked out form the ionic charges in the equation.