Patient Care, Legal, Ethical, and Safety Issues CH. 24, 25, 26

A personal value system can be defined in terms of: 

all of the above

Professional ethics can be best defined as: 

a common concern for collective self-discipline

Which of the following statements is NOT true? 

Morals control individuals within a group

Which of the following statements is true? 

Conscience controls individual morality. 

Which of the following statements is NOT true? 

Ethical dilemmas are easily solved by codes of ethics. 

Moral rules are best applied to ethical dilemmas when: 

the ethical dilemma is very wide in scope. 

Action to benefit others is defined as: 

beneficence 

Which is NOT a step in the problem-solving process? 

determining ethical sanctions

The strict observance of promises or duties is defined as: 

fidelity 

Generally accepted customs of right living and conduct are:

morals 

Which of the following defines Health Informatics?

The interdisciplinary field that works to improve health and healthcare

Which of the following is an example of an organization that accredits hospitals and other health care institutions in the United States? 

The Joint Commission 

The chief complaint, included in a patient’s history, is a statement made by the:

patient

The Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA) legislation affects radiology and other hospital departments by its focus on: 

patient record confidentiality

A patient was scheduled to have an x-ray. When the technologist searched for the patient by last name it was noted that there were two patients with the same name and same date of birth. This scenario is an example of what?

A potential duplication error

When a physician orders a diagnostic exam, what must be included on the order?

The diagnosis or symptoms

Which of the following is used to assigned codes for the diagnostic exam?

CPT-4

Which part of the HIPAA privacy rule requires workforce training to ensure patient privacy?

Administrative requirements

Which of the following system is designed to manage imaging orders?

RIS

Which of the following technology is used to identify and classify cancer?

Artificial Intelligence

If a technologist threatens a patient during the course of a procedure and has an apparent immediate ability to perform the threatened act, which of the following torts may be claimed? 

assault 

The legal theory of Respondeat superior requires that: 

the employer is responsible for the employee’s actions

A technologist who has completed a procedure on a patient leaves the area grumbling, “I hate to do AIDS patients because I am afraid of catching the disease.” A member of the housekeeping staff hears the technologist and asks who has AIDS. The technologist responds by giving the patient’s name and room number. After this incident, housekeeping personnel refuse to clean the room. One person from housekeeping tells the story to members of the housekeeper’s church, where the patient is also a member. After learning of the patient’s condition, the church asks the patient not to return. What type of complaint might be brought against the technologist?

defamation 

The claim of false imprisonment requires the patient to show proof that the technologist restrained his or her freedom without consent. The defenses a technologist may raise include all of the following EXCEPT the: 

need for motionless images.

In a case in which the legal theory of res ipsa loquitur is being raised, the evidence presented must show all the following elements EXCEPT that the: 

patient contributed to his or her injury 

A consent form has been signed by a patient who will be undergoing an excretory program. A witness should sign the form after the patient. Who is the best witness? 

a ward clerk who has no relationship with the patient or the procedure

Informed consent requires that the patient be given enough information to make an educated decision about his or her health care. The information the patient needs to make this decision includes all of the following EXCEPT: 

the cost of the procedure.

What complaint may be brought against a technologist if he or she touches a patient in any way without the patient’s permission? 

battery 

A radiographer is performing an abdominal series on a patient from the emergency department. To complete the examination, the patient must be moved from a supine to an upright position using the remote control on the table. During this movement, the patient falls from the table and suffers a fractured hip. A complaint of negligence is brought against both the radiographer and the hospital. The elements that the patient (plaintiff) must prove include all the following EXCEPT:

that the radiographer acted outside of his or her scope of practice.

A patient consents to a procedure in the radiology department, but after it has started, he decides that he does not want the procedure completed. The technologist should: 

stop the procedure as soon as it is safe to do so. 

Which of the following patient rights will ensure that the patient understands the procedure, risks, and alternatives to the procedure?

Informed consent

Thoracostomy tubes are used to:

reestablish negative intrapleural pressure.

A(n) _____ is someone who has been admitted to the hospital for diagnostic studies or treatment.

inpatient

The health occupation that deals with the management of patient medical records and medical coding is

health information services.

What is HIPAA ?

Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act

Standards by which a group decides the difference between right and wrong; behavioral expectations for people who practice in a given profession -

Code of ethics

Questions about the diagnosis of an MRI examination from a patient or visitor are best answered by:

explaining that a radiologist will interpret the images and send a report to the referring Dr.

Formed when groups of people share the same values and norms.

Cultures

Discussing a patient's condition with an unauthorized person or releasing the name or address of a patient without permission are just two examples of ?

inappropriate behavior that could result in a HIPAA violation and lawsuit.

As you enter a patient's room you notice the patient sleeping on her side with one leg over the other with the knee bent. This patient is in the _____ position.

Sims'

What is apnea ?

no breathing

The American Registry of Radiologic Technologist Code of Ethics serves two major functions: regulatory and _______________________.

Education

What are the 3 specific types of transmission based precautions ?

airborne, droplet, and contact

A sudden drop in a patient's blood pressure caused by standing or sitting upright is called:

orthostatic hypotension.

The science relating to moral action and moral value

Ethics

A sound moral principle

Integrity

What does HIPAA provide for ?

protect personal insurance, private information, and controlhealth care administrative costs.

Differences, dissimilarities, variations

Diversity

What is a tracheostomy tube ?

a tube placed in the neck to create a airway to the lungs

What does the "R" in MRI stand for ?

resonance

Beneficence means to:

bring about positive good

What is the ACR ?

American College of Radiology

What are EHR ?

electronic health records

Standards of conduct and moral judgement

Ethics

A class of health care workers who specialize in carrying out treatments designed to improve a patient's health condition and quality of life and who likely possess a 2- or 4-year degree are known as

therapists.

Which of the following is an example of negligence?

Imaging the wrong body part

It is important for the professional imaging technologist to thoroughly understand his or her responsibilities with regard to health information confidentiality. Particularly important considerations include

All of the above

Failure to pay one's federal income taxes would be an example of a(n)

violation of federal law.

Getting a speeding ticket from a state police officer on an interstate highway would be a violation of

legislative law. 

All of the following would be characteristics of a patient health record except it

is required for hospitals and emergency department visits only.

Fastening a patient into a confining, immobilization device that they question, for an MRI of the wrist can be viewed as

false imprisonment.

A process by which patients can agree to be treated or refuse to be treated based on information provided by the radiographer about the examination is called _____ consent.

informed

Touching a patient on the symphysis pubis for an MRI of the brain

could be viewed as battery.

What type of complaint can be filed by patients if they feel they have been touched without permission?

Battery

The term______________ implies that the patient has been informed of the procedure or operation to be performed, the risks involved, and the possible consequences.

 informed consent

Before a diagnostic study can be initiated,

all of the above should be done.

You have been asked to participate in the radiology department's quality assurance committee. The purpose of this committee would most likely be to

evaluate various radiology services to seek improvement.

As a technologist working in a busy department, you have received an examination request for an MRI on an inpatient. The referring physician is very upset about any delay with his patient. In reviewing the request, you notice that there is no indication as to why this examination is being done. How would you proceed with this situation?

Delay the examination until the needed information is provided by the referring physician. 

The shift to a prospective payment system (PPS) and diagnostic related groups (DRGs) has made the health information process of _____ critically important to the complete and timely reimbursement of medical costs provided by the government (Medicare/Medicaid) and third-party payers

coding

When undertaking an ethical analysis,

identification of human values pertinent to the analysis must be considered. 

The term res ipsa loquitur means the

thing speaks for itself.

Defamation of a character by speaking poorly of an individual is

slander. 

As part of a medical imaging quality assurance program, items to be considered would include 1. medication errors. 2. the amount and duration of breaks taken by staff daily. 3. thermal injuries occurring in MR. 4. the time span available to schedule mammograms. 5. the radiology department's rate of repeat images. 6. personnel monitoring (film badge) data of staff. 7. patient satisfaction survey results.

1, 3, 4, 5, and 7 only

As you perform an MRI on an anxious patient, they ask you to stop the examination because it is getting painful. Your responsibility as a professional is to

stop the examination at their request 

You are the director of a busy medical imaging department. One of your technologists has been accused of looking up the personal medical records and radiography reports of his brother's girlfriend. The girlfriend visited the hospital as a patient for an ultrasound examination of the pelvis to rule out pregnancy. Disciplinary action for this technologist would be appropriate because of a violation of

HIPAA

If the threat of bodily harm were to occur to a patient as a result of reckless conduct by the health care provider, this would be deemed

assault.

The doctrine of respondeat superior states that the

employer is responsible for employees' actions. 

All professional decisions in medical imaging and other health care practices involve a consideration of

human values

As you and a colleague transport a patient back to the emergency department, the patient's fingers get caught in the wheels of the wheelchair, but there is no apparent injury to the patient. This event does require that an incident report be completed. The incident report must be part of the

hospital's risk management documentation.

You are placed in an unfortunate situation with a patient that requires you to tell a small white lie regarding the late arrival of the radiologist. The patient is noticeably upset about the procedure having to be done at all and is quite anxious. You are aware that the radiologist and the patient's surgeon are meeting in his office to discuss the best approach to deal with this patient's cancer. You feel certain that telling the patient the truth as to why the radiologist is late would increase her anxiety. This technologist is practicing

consequentialism

A typical health information management department

is responsible for the maintenance, retrieval, and storage of health information.

All of the following are necessary for a legitimate case of malpractice except

third-party testimonial as to the inappropriate acts of the defendant.

When entering information into a patient health record, it is important to remember that

any data entered must be legible and in ink when the entry is written.

In 2007, the government upgraded the DRG system of reimbursement and introduced the MS-DRG system. This upgrade is designed to take into account

the patient's severity of illness and the amount of medical resources utilized. 

_____________________ codes are used to code procedures for outpatient encounters and coding for ancillary services such as radiology and laboratory. 

CPT-4

Entering health information into a patient's medical record (charting) is completed by

any department personnel who provide care to a patient.

Which of the following is not a legal right of a patient in the radiology department?

To ask for and receive extra studies

Which of the following choices could be classified as an ethical outrage?

A technologist refusing to complete a procedure because their shift is over

At a recent professional meeting of radiographers, an attendee stands up at a business meeting and states that the chairperson uses excessive radiation and violates ALARA daily. The person making these statements would be committing an act of

slander

As a technologist prepares an elderly patient for an MRI, the patient is asked to stand up from his wheelchair. As he does so, the wheelchair moves out from under him, and he falls to the floor. As the technologist attempts to break his fall, a coworker notes that the wheel locks on the chair were left unlocked. In this situation,

a breach of duty has occurred. 

Acceptable informed consent for a simple breast biopsy

must be witnessed by someone not involved in the procedure.

Being rude and impolite to a patient's family members because they are asking how long an examination will take, is an example of a(n)

professional etiquette violation. 

In a legal case of negligence,

1. rationale and excuses are balanced against implied damages.

2. a breach of duty has to be identified.

3. the definition of duty has to be identified.

4. standards of practice are not considered.

5. injury has to clearly be identified.

6. injury has to be clearly connected to the negligent act.

2, 3, 5, and 6 only

In the event a correction is needed in a paper document in a patient health record,

the original entry needs to be crossed out by the author with a single line and highlighted as an ERROR followed by authentication and dating. 

The American Registry of Radiologic Technologists (ARRT) reserves the right to revoke any certification from an individual whom it has registered. Reasons for revocation can vary from ethical violations to failure to maintain continuing education credits, just to mention two. This process of sanctioning demonstrates professional _____ to society.

self-regulation 

Which of the following would be considered an unethical practice for an MRI technologist?

Criticizing a doctor or team member in a private or public forum

Restraining a child without the parent's permission may warrant

false imprisonment.

What is negligence ?

Failure to do something that a reasonable person guided by the ordinary considerations that ordinarily regulate human affairs would do or the doing of something a reasonable and prudent person would not do

In a legal proceeding, the actions of a radiographer will be judged with regard to his or her compliance with the

practice standards for medical imaging and radiation therapy

Health records for inpatients should contain what information?

1. Patient identification data

2. Number of patient visitors during the stay

3. Reports of any diagnostic or herapeutic studies

4. Physical examination data

5. Number of times the nurse call light is activated for nursing care

6. All informed consent documents

7. Medical history, including the chief complaint

1, 3, 4, 6, and 7 only