Chapter 15 - Expansion and Two Wars with Mexico

Polk

________- American forces in California to prepare for war.

Franklin Pierce

________- Sent James Gadsden to negotiate.

Santa Anna

________- Banned slave importation + further settlement.

Sam Houston

________- Chased by Santa Anna across Texas → Battle of San Jacinto.

Mexican War

________- Whigs + Democrats divided sectionally.

Santa Anna

________- Forced to sign treaty declaring Texas independence.

Chief Black Hawk

Sauk + Fox tribes

1832

Tried to recover lost land from Indian Removal Act

Seminole War

US soldiers vs. Seminole NA + escaped slaves

1819

Signed w/ Spain → Spain sells Florida to US

1845

Florida enters as slave state

1823

Begins colonizing Texas

Santa Anna

Banned slave importation + further settlement

1833

Elected president of Mexico

Sam Houston

Chased by Santa Anna across Texas → Battle of San Jacinto

Santa Anna

Forced to sign treaty declaring Texas independence

1836

Falls to Mexican forces

Goliad

Huge massacre of 300+ men

1835

Forms army for Texas

1840

Elected President

1844

Elected President

BACKFIRED

Took votes from Clay

1848

Becomes US territory

1845

Coined by John L. Sullivan

1839

American lumberjacks vs. Canadian lumberjacks

Polk

American forces in California to prepare for war

John C. Fremont

Rise against Mexican govt → CA independence

Mexican Cession

CA annexed

Rio Grande R.

Mexican + American exchange of fire

1846

Congress declares war against Mexico

Sectional debate

Expansionist southern Democrats vs. Republicans (northerners)

1848

Ends Mexican War

1853

Purchased for $10 mil

Franklin Pierce

Sent James Gadsden to negotiate

1803-1853

Manifest Destiny → Expansion of US territory

Mexican War

Whigs + Democrats divided sectionally

Anglophobia

Strong dislike of or prejudice against England or Britain

Black Hawk War

A conflict between the United States and Native Americans led by Black Hawk, a Sauk leader

Florida

A state in southeastern United States between the Atlantic and the Gulf of Mexico

Adams-Onís Treaty

Between the United States and Spain that gave Florida to the U.S. and established the Sabine River as the border between the U.S. and New Spain

Monroe Doctrine

An American foreign policy opposing interference in the western hemisphere from outside powers

Mountain Men

The pioneers of the North American Rocky Mountain West who went to that region first as fur trappers

Stephen Austin

A lawyer, settler, and administrator who played a key role in the secession of Texas from Mexico

Texas

The second largest state; located in southwestern United States on the Gulf of Mexico

Santa Anna

Mexican general who tried to crush the Texas revolt and who lost battles to Winfield Scott and Zachary Taylor in the Mexican War

Texas War for Independence

A rebellion of colonists from the United States and Tejanos in putting up armed resistance to the centralist government of Mexico

Alamo

A siege and massacre at a mission in San Antonio in 1836; Mexican forces under Santa Anna besieged and massacred American rebels who were fighting to make Texas independent of Mexico

Sam Houston

An American general and statesman who played an important role in the Texas Revolution

John Tyler

The tenth president of the United States, serving from 1841 to 1845, after briefly holding office as the tenth vice president in 1841

James K. Polk

A protégé of Andrew Jackson, he was a member of the Democratic Party and an advocate of Jacksonian democracy

Oregon Territory

Stretched from the Pacific coast to the Rocky Mountains, encompassing the area including present-day Oregon, Washington, and most of British Columbia. Originally Spain, Great Britain, Russia, and the United States claimed the territory.

Manifest Destiny

A policy of imperialism rationalized as inevitable

Bear Flag Revolt

A direct result of a yearning among United States citizens living in California to have their territory join the United States

Slidell's Mission

Sent to Mexico by President James K. Polk in November 1845 to secure a boundary adjustment between the United States and Mexico

Spot Resolutions

Requested President James K. Polk to provide Congress with the exact location (the "spot") upon which blood was spilled on American soil, as Polk had claimed in 1846 when asking Congress to declare war on Mexico

Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo

Brought an official end to the Mexican-American War (1846-48)

Gadsden Purchase

A 29,670-square-mile region of present-day southern Arizona and southwestern New Mexico that the United States acquired from Mexico by the Treaty of Mesilla, which took effect on June 8, 1854