6 - gross anatomy of circulation

What are the functions of a circulatory system?

What are the functions of a circulatory system?

O2, blood, nutrients, CO2 metabolic waste, cells of immune system, hormones

What is anastomoses?

Unions (e.g. between tissues, organs, arteries, veins)

What does the term cephalic refer to?

head

What does the term jugular refer to?

neck

What does the term brachium refer to?

arm

What does the term axillary fossa refer to?

armpit

What does the term Popliteal fossa refer to?

back of the knee

What does the term clavicle refer to?

collar bone

What does the term radius refer to?

lies laterally

What does the term ulna refer to?

lies medially

What does the term ilium refer to?

hip region

What does the term femur refer to?

thigh

What does the term tibia refer to?

leg

What kind of pressure is in systemic circulation?

High pressure system

What kind of pressure is in pulmonary circulation?

Low pressure system

What is a portal vessel?

Joins 2 capillary beds between arteries and veins

Where is the hepatic portal system?

Between GI tract and liver

Where is the hypophyseal portal system?

between the hypothalamus and pituitary gland

What is different about foetal circulation?

Specialised

Lungs, liver and GI tract not sufficiently developed in foetus

Therefore they are bypassed

What does the lymphatic circulation consist of?

• Network of lymph vessel and lymph nodes

• Lymph

• Lymphatic tissues and organs

What are the function of the lymphatic circulation?

Involved in the body’s defence mechanisms

Provides a mechanism for the draining of excess interstitial fluid

How much interstitial fluid is usually left behind in tissues?

15%

What is lymph?

Excess interstitial fluid that has just entered the lymphatic capillaries

What are lymph capillaries?

Blind ended tubes that are located adjacent to capillary beds

What is the route of lymphatic drainage?

Lymph capillaries → Lymph vessels → Kymph nodes → lymph trunks → thoracic duct/ right lymphatic duct

What are lymph nodes and what happens in them?

• Encapsulated aggregations of lymphocytes along the lymphatic vessels

• They filter the lymph and trap foreign particles

• Some particles destroyed by macrophages

• Lymphocytes initiate various immune response

Lymphatic drainage in the right side head, neck, thorax and upper limb

• Drains to right lymphatic duct

• Right subclavian vein

Lymphatic drainage from the rest of the body (exc. right side head, neck, thorax, and upper limb)

• Drains to the thoracic duct

• Left subclavian vein