Diagnostic Imaging Final Review

A is hyperechoic compared to B

How does A relate to B in echogenicity?

Cranial to the left

Which is oriented correctly?

Anechoic

Describe a fluid-filled structure in echogenicity.

Image with better detail

Which has the higher mAs?

Size, shape, number, location, margination, opacity

What are the 6 Roentgen signs?

CT scan

Which would be best for surgical bone repair?

Air, fat, water, bone, metal

Order of scale; black to white

to reduce scatter

Why do we use collimation?

Adjust the quantity of xrays produced

What does adjusting mAs do?

Positive contrast

What is the procedure for a ruptured bladder?

Free fluid

Radiograph; can't see much in abdomen - why?

Laminitis

Horse lame in all four legs; image of hoof

Metacarpal periositis

3 y/o horse with metacarpal pain; radiograph shows bone thickening- what caused this?

dorsopalmar oblique

Which shows the distal border of the navicular bone?

Lateromedial

What is the most important view for laminitis?

Renomegaly

Cat image with large kidneys and ureters- what is this called?

Odd behavior when under saddle

Lame on all four legs

Neck bent?

What is an indication for spinal radiographs?

Malalignment

What is wrong with this spine?

Linear foreign body

Dx of cat vomiting;

Sedation

2 yo chihuahua vomiting, sedated for radiographs, what is reason for splenomegaly?

Medial femoral epicondyle

3 y/o horse lameness, effusion of stifle, where is the cyst?

left kidney

What structure is this?

Identify GI obstruction

Evaluate GI function

What are the uses of contrast?

T99

What radio drug is given for scintigraphy

Valgus

What is the term for lateral angulation?

GDV

10 yo lab with abdominal distention, panting- what has caused this?

4 hours

What is the Max time for the stomach to empty?

Navicular syndrome

A Horse lame in four digits- what has caused this?

Fat

What are these opacities on the cat?

Dorsal and lateral

Where to put the marker for equine fetlock radiographs?

Guttural pouch

What structure is this in a horse?

Caudal displacement of the stomach

Common with a large liver

Free gas

What is an indication for taking a horizontal beam radiograph?

adrenal gland

What organ is hard to see on radiographs?

Ureters

What is another organ that is hard to see on radiographs?

Liver

What organ is this?

Dorsomedial

Where is this fragment located?

Type III

What fracture type is this?

Binds to hypoxyapetite

How is T99 taken up in the bone phase?

Costly to client

Not enough contrast material

What are the pitfalls of GI contrast?

Spleen

What organ is this?

OCD in distal tibia/intermediate ridge

2 yo horse w talocrural joint effusion; left hock lesion

Functional ileus

Dog vomiting and after radiographs a second radiograph reveals gas has decreased- what kind of ileus is this?

Accumulates at bone turnover sites

uses: 18F-sodium fluoride (18F-NaF) and 18Ffluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG)

What is the mechanism of PET scan?

Hepatomegaly

What is an enlarged liver called?

Gastroenteritis

 X-rays were taken and then taken again hours later, gas was passed. What is this?

CT scan

What Imaging is used for repairing fractures?

Pyometra

Female dog with vaginal discharge, vomiting, lethargy-what has caused this?

Megaesophagus

What is the most common radiographic abnormality associated with persistent right aortic arch in a dog?

Cardiomegaly from left atrial enlargement

Image of 6yo terrier with cardiac murmur and raspy lung- what do you see?

hepatomegaly/splenomegaly

Which of the following is a characteristic on radiographs of right heart failure?

bronchial

What lung pattern is this?

Mediastinal reflection

What structure is indicated by the arrow?

Collimate to the thorax only, pull the thoracic limbs cranially, line up the rib heads

What changes would you make to this radiograph of a feline?

Structure interstitial

What lung pattern is this?

Pneumothorax

Dog with dyspnea and radiograph shows heart lifted dorsally- what has caused this?

Use this image with this question "Rocky', a 4-year-old Gordon Setter, is presented with a rapid onset of dyspnea. Lung sounds are decreased. The owner is not much help but says "Rocky' was fine yesterday. Only one radiographic view is available, because the patient is distressed. What is your diagnosis based on this lateral radiograph?

Pleural effusion

Image where it's hard to see heart; what is the principle finding?

Greater curvature of caudo-dorsal heart margin

Splitting of mainstem bronchi

In regards to left atrial enlargement, which of the following can be seen on a radiograph?

Generalized cardiomegaly

Use this image with this question. Using the provided feline images, how would you describe the cardiac silhouette?

Megaesophagus

Patient with vomiting and regurgitation shows this radiograph- what do you see?

Bronchial

What Lung pattern of young cat with respiratory signs is this?

<2.5

Which is the appropriate size of a feline cardiac silhouette?

Tracheobronchial lymph node

What lymph node is this?

Lobar signs

What is a characteristic of an alveolar pattern?

Tortuous pulmonary arteries

What radiographic finding of this dog with Heartworm disease?

Metastatic disease

Use this image for this question. A 12-year-old canine neutered male patient presents for inappetence, labored breathing, and weight loss. Based on the lung pattern in this thoracic radiograph, and the clinical history, what is your radiographic interpretation?

Increased horizontal location of the heart

What is a normal variation of a geriatric cat?

seen on the image

Where is the left ventricle

megaesophagus

What can cause ventral displacement of the trachea?

3

How many radiograph views for the thorax?

Pulmonary artery enlargement

What radiographic changes are seen with heartworm disease?

Dilated cardiomyopathy

What is a Common cause of a globoid heart?

Panosteitis

10 y/o German Shepherd comes in with lameness on the right hind leg; what is the radiographic finding?

Hypertrophic osteodystrophy

6 month old Lab with distal limb swelling and the metaphysis is warm to the touch.- What is wrong with it?

Tibial tuberosity

What anatomical location is indicated by the arrow?

Alveolar

Which lung pattern prevents visualization of blood vessels?

Mineralization of intervertebral discs

What is going on with this radiograph?

Comminuted

What fracture type has bone in multiple pieces where you can't find and definite origin of fracture?

Spondylosis deformans

What abnormality is shown in this radiograph of the spine?

They should be aligned in a straight line

In a VD radiograph, how should you align the spinous processes?

Vertebral body

What is the anatomical structure indicated?

Long zone of transition

What is characteristic for an aggressive bone lesion?

Complete

Closed

Comminuted

What describes this bone fracture

For viewing lesions of the spinal column you may have missed on radiograph

Indication for myelography?

Type IV

Which Salter-Harris fracture is pictured?

General enlargement with left atrial enlargement

8 y/o FS german shorthair pointer presents with exercise intolerance after hunting; what do these radiographs show about the cardiac silhouette?

5 mm

What is the minimum size for a nodule to show up on radiographs?

Primary bone tumor

6 y/o dog lame on the limb shown- what kind of tumor is this?

Mineralized cartilaginous flap

What is a Common finding of OCD?

Caudal portion of humeral head 

Location of OCD in the shoulder joint

Mastiff

What breed is most common to have a retained cartilaginous core?

Incongruity

What radiograph condition a result of premature physeal closure?

Ill-defined margins

Irregular periosteal proliferation

Cortical lysis

Define an aggressive bone lesion?

narrowed intervertebral space

What is seen in IVDD?

Osteophytes

A Wheaton terrier with chronic lameness shows this:

To evaluate ligamentous injury

What is the primary reason for stress radiographs of a joint?

asymmetric head & unilateral epistaxis

What 2 would be indications of the skull radiographs?

Femoral condyles

With lateral radiographs of stifle joint, what should be aligned?

Core lesion

7 year old thoroughbred presents with acute lameness, swelling of metacarpal?; ultrasound shows this- what is this?

Mucosa to lumen

How do you measure the small intestine for dilation?