Child and Adolescent Brain Development - Exam 3 Study Guide

These flashcards cover critical vocabulary and concepts regarding child and adolescent brain development, attentional disorders, reading systems, developmental dyslexia, memory, and anxiety.

A key brain region central to executive functions.

Prefrontal Cortex (PFC)

Brain areas associated with "hot" executive functions, involving emotional regulation.

Orbitofrontal Areas

Brain areas associated with "cool" executive functions, including cognitive control.

Dorsolateral Areas

An ADHD model focusing on behavioral inhibition as the core deficit.

Barkley's Model

Characterized by difficulty sustaining attention and being easily distracted.

Inattentive Type (ADHD)

Mental processes that enable planning, attention, and managing multiple tasks.

Executive Functioning

Located in the left fusiform gyrus; responsible for recognizing letters and words.

Visual Word Form Area (VWFA)

The process of converting letters to sounds to read words.

Phonological Decoding

A language-based learning disorder affecting reading, phonemic awareness, and comprehension.

Developmental Dyslexia

A symptom associated with orbitofrontal dysfunction, leading to poor impulse control.

Emotional Disinhibition

The passive holding of information, typically allowing about 7 chunks of information.

Short-Term Memory (STM)

Involves the manipulation and active processing of information.

Working Memory (WM)

Cognitive structures that allow for categorization and influence memory.

Schemas

The brain's ability to reorganize itself by forming new neural connections.

Neuroplasticity

The process of learning to fear a previously neutral stimulus through association.

Fear Conditioning

A group of mental disorders characterized by significant feelings of anxiety and fear.

Anxiety Disorders

Awareness and understanding of one's own memory capabilities and strategies.

Metamemory

Methods employed to manage dyslexia, such as reduced workload or extended test time.

Compensatory Strategies

Distinct patterns associated with specific tasks, such as reading or memory formation.

Neural Activation Patterns

The ability to maintain focus on a task over a prolonged period.

Sustained Attention

The process of managing one's thoughts and behaviors to achieve goals.

Cognitive Control

The memory of experiences that evoke strong emotional responses.

Emotional Memory

When new information inhibits the retrieval of old information.

Retroactive Interference

Reading instruction strategies that emphasize decoding words through letter-sound relationships.

Phonics-based Approaches