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What is a starch?
a type of carbohydrate, called a polysaccharide, that provides short-term energy stores in plants
Do starches have thickening properties?
Yes
Why are grains and legumes considered complementary proteins?
because when eaten together, they provide all the essential amino acids needed by the body
List the three edible parts of a whole grain kernel.
bran, endosperm, and germ
Which two parts of a whole grain kernel are removed during processing of white grains?
bran and germ are removed
Which part of a whole grain kernel contains starch and serves as the basis of flours?
endosperm
What two processes are used to replace necessary nutrients stripped away during the original processing of a white grain?
Enrichment and fortification
List three whole grains.
oatmeal, brown rice, whole-wheat
two gluten-containing grains
farro and barley
two gluten-free grains
rice and corn
What is the majority of corn in the U.S. grown for?
livestock
Describe the absorption method of cooking grains. (hint: the method typically used for rice)
cooking the grains in a specific ratio of water to grain, allowing the grain to absorb all the liquid during cooking until tender.
When cooking rice you typically want to avoid stirring, with one exception. Which classic rice dish requires constant stirring of rice while it’s cooking?
Risotto
Beans, peas, and lentils all fall under what plant category?
legume
List 5 examples of legumes.
chickpeas, black beans, pinto beans, lima beans, and soybeans.
Young, bright green soybeans are referred to as what?
edamame
What do you need to do to dried beans before starting the cooking process? (hint: three things)
sorted, rinsed, and soaked
Should you add acidic ingredients like tomatoes and vinegar to beans early in the cooking process? Why/why not?
No, because they can toughen the beans and increase cooking time
Pasta is made with what two main ingredients? (not including Asian noodles)
water and wheat flower
Pasta should be cooked ____________, meaning ‘to the tooth.’
al dente
What are the three categories of potatoes we discussed?
starchy, waxy, and all-purpose
starchy potatoes
mashed potatoes
waxy potatoes
potato salad
all-purpose potatoes
red potatoes