The Philippines in the 19th Century

A collection of vocabulary flashcards based on key concepts and developments in the Philippines during the 19th century.

19th Century Context

An era marked by significant changes and challenges, often referred to as an 'age of enlightenment' or 'age of suffering' for the Philippines.

Liberal Reforms

Introduced by the Cortes parliament, these reforms included principles of equality, liberty, and fraternity, which led to political chaos in Spain.

Cadiz Constitution

The 1812 constitution repealed by Ferdinand VII, which had allowed representation for the Philippines in the Cortes.

Canovite System

A political system established in 1885 where the Liberals and Conservatives alternated control over the administration in Spain.

Mercantilism

An economic principle where the wealth of a nation is measured by its gold reserves, leading to the establishment of colonies for resource extraction.

Galleon Trade

A trade route connecting Manila and Acapulco, allowing the exchange of goods but limited to trade with the Spanish Crown.

Indulto de Comercio

A privilege granted to colonial governors in Spain to monopolize trade, exacerbating labor exploitation and forced labor initiatives.

Spanish Education Decree of 1863

A law that established public schooling in the Philippines, emphasizing instruction in Spanish but limited by social and racial discrimination.

Inquilinos

Tenants who held near-hereditary leases on agricultural lands, often from successful mestizo families, contributing to the rise of a middle class.

Ilustrados

Educated Filipinos who emerged from wealthy inquilino families, becoming significant figures in the nationalist movement.

Napoleon Bonaparte

Was a french who starts french revolution and started the liberalism (liberty,equality, and fraternity)

Carlist Wars

lasted from 1833 to 1839