ANAT100- Block Theory 1

Anat

Cranial Cavity

Contains the brain

spinal cavity

Formed by vertebral column and contains spinal cord

Thoracic Cavity

Cavity housing lungs and heart

Abdominopelvic Cavity

The cavity of the body that is located just below the diaphragm

Pleural Cavities

Lateral subdivision of Thoracic Cavity, contains lungs

Mediastinum

Centrally located space between the lungs

Abdominal Cavity

Cavity housing the intestines.

Pelvic Cavity

Contains urinary bladder, reproductive organs, and rectum

Tissue

A groups of similar cells which are bound together by junctional complexes or intercellular substances hat function together to perform a specific activity.

Epithelial Tissue

Sheets of tightly packed cells that line organs and body cavities as well as the outer body.

Connective Tissue

A body tissue that provides support for the body and connects all of its parts

Muscular Tissue

Tissue which contracts when stimulated to produce motion

Nervous Tissue

A body tissue that carries electrical messages back and forth between the brain and every other part of the body.

Apical Surface

The upper free surface of epithelial tissue exposed to the body exterior or the cavity of an internal organ

Basal Surface

The bottom layer of epithelial tissue that attaches to the basement membrane

Tight Junction

A type of intercellular junction in animal cells that prevents the leakage of material between cells.

Adhesion Belt

locks together the terminal webs of neighboring cells, strengthening the apical region and preventing distortion and leakage at the occluding junctions

terminal web

microfilaments inside plasma membrane in cells forming a layer or lining

Gap Junctions

Points that provide cytoplasmic channels from one cell to another with special membrane proteins. Also called communicating junctions.

Desosomes

Button-like plaques, present on two opposing cell surfaces, that hold the cells together by means of protein filaments that span the intercellular space

Merocrine

A strategy of secreting hormones via exocytosis

Apocrine

A type of secretion through loss of cytoplasm

Holocrine

A strategy of secreting hormones in which the entire cell is destroyed to release the hormones

Serous (Secretions)

watery secretions containing ions and enzymes

Mucous (Secretions)

Type of secretions that are thick, viscous, and composed of glycoproteins

Simple (Epithelium)

single layer of epithelial cells

Stratified (Epithelium)

Two or more layers of epithelial cells

Pseudostratified (Epithelium)

one layer of cells that looks like multiple layers; all cells contact basement membrane however not all cells reach the surface.

Squamous (cells)

flat cells that look like plates

Cuboidal (Cells)

boxlike cells, approximately as tall as they are wide

Columnar (Cells)

tall and column shaped cells

Simple (epithelium)

Most Basic epithelial Cell Structure that can contain squamous, cuboidal, or columnar cells

Pseudostratified (epithelium)

Epithelial Cell Structure that is usually columnar

Stratified (epithelium)

2 Layer epithelial cell structure that can contain, squamous, cuboidal, and columnar cells.

simple squamous (epithelium)

Epithelial tissue that lines the peritoneal cavity

simple cudoidal (epithelium)

Epithelial tissue lining the kidney tubules.

simple columnar (epithelium)

Epithelial tissue that makes up the intestinal lining

Pseudostratified (ciliated) columnar (epithelium)

Epithelial tissue that lines the respiratory tract

Transitional (Epithelium)

Epithelial tissue that makes up the urinary bladder.

stratified squamous (epithelium)

Function: protects underlying tissues in areas subject to abrasion

Location: non-keratinized type forms the moist lining of the esophagus, mouth, and vagina; keratinized type forms the epidermis of the skin, a dry membrane.

Anatomy

The study of (body) structure

Histology

the study of the microscopic structure of tissues

Gross Anatomy

Study of structures that can be seen with the naked eye. Aka Macroscopic

Neuranatomy

The study of the parts and functions of neurons

Embryology

study of embryos and their development

(the) ear

Where in your body are the smallest bones and muscle in your body? (they're all together)

3 pounds (1.4 kilograms)

How many pounds does the average brain weigh?

3 pounds (1.4 kilograms)

How much does the average liver weigh?

4 (times)

How many times its original size can a stomach stretch?

29 feet

Over how long is the average digestive tract?

(The) heart

Which organ is roughly the size of your fist?

Yes

Can humans survive with one lung?

Axial Region

The region including the main vertical axis of the body; includes the head, neck, and trunk.

Appendicular Region

The region including the upper and lower limbs

Intergumentary system

System involving the skin, hair, and nails

Skeletal System

System which gives our bodies structure and protects major organs like the heart, lungs, and brain

Muscular System

System which enables movement of the body and internal organs

Nervous System

The system which consists of a network of nerve cells and fibers that transmits nerve impulses between parts of the body.

Endocrine System

System which consists of glands that control many of the body's activities by producing and secreting hormones.

Digestive System

System which breaks down food into absorbable units that enter the blood for distribution to body cells and eliminates the waste.

lymphatic system

System which is composed of a network of vessels, ducts, nodes, and organs. Provides defense against infection.

Urinary System

Cleanses the blood. Rids the body of wastes. Maintains salt and water balance.

membrane

thin layer of tissue that covers a surface, lines a cavity, or divides a space or organ

Anterior Cavity

larger body cavity located in front of the posterior (dorsal) body cavity; includes the serous membrane-lined pleural cavities for the lungs, pericardial cavity for the heart, and peritoneal cavity for the abdominal and pelvic organs; also referred to as ventral cavity

Dorsal Cavity

Cavity which includes the cranial and spinal cavities.

Cranial Cavity

Cavity which contains the brain

Vertebral cavity

Cavity which contains the spinal cord

Thoracic Cavity

chest cavity including the organs above the diaphragm

abdomino-pelvic Cavity

Main Anterior Cavity below the diaphragm

superior mediastinum

Cavity hidden by sternum, contains: thymus, great vessels, vagus and phrenic nerves, trachea, esophagus

pleural cavity

Cavity which contains the lungs

Pericardial Cavity

Cavity which contains the heart

abdominal cavity

Cavity which contains the stomach, intestines, spleen, and liver, and other organs

pelvic cavity

Cavity which contains urinary bladder, portions of large intestine, and internal organs of reproduction

Ventral

Another word for anterior?

Dorsal

Another word for posterior?

Parietal

Directional term pertaining to the wall of a cavity

visceral

Directional term which means that it lines the surface of the internal organs

Saggital Plane

is a vertical plane that divides the body into right and left parts

Coronal Plane

An imaginary plane where the body is cut into front and back parts.

Horizontal Plane

a flat crosswise plane, such as the horizon. Ex. Brain scans taken from the top of the head

Oblique Plane

passes through the body at an angle

Sections

Cuts of the body made along a plane

Apposed

side by side

Glandular Epithelium

Composed of epithelial cells that are specialized to produce and secrete substances.

covering epithelium

Type of epithelium that covers internal and external structures.

Cellularity

composed almost entirely of tightly packed cells with little to no extracellular material.

Apical Side

faces away from other tissues and toward the environment

Basal Side

The inner surface of epithelial cells. Where the epithelium attaches to underlying tissues.

Simple Epithelium

single layer of epithelial cells

Stratified Epithelium

Two or more layers of epithelial cells with only one layer reaching the basal membrane.

Squamous Cell

flat, plate-like epithelial cell. Forms the skin

Cuboidal Cell

A cube like epithelial cell. Forms many of the secretory glands.

columnar cell

tall and column shaped epithelial cell with a oval shaped nucleus

simple squamous epithelium

Form: Single layer of thin epithelial cells

Function: Allows passage of materials by diffusion and filtration in sites where protection is not important; secretes lubricating substances in serosae.

Location: Kidney glomeruli, air sacs of lungs, lining of heart, blood vessels, and lymphatic vessels; lining of ventral body cavity(serosae)

Simple Cuboidal Epithelium

Form: A single layer of cube shaped epithelial cells.

Function: secretion and absorption

Location: Kidney tubules; ducts and secretory portions of small glands, ovary surface.

simle columnar epithelium

Form: A single layer of column shaped epithelial cells

stratified squamous epithelium

Form: Two or more layers of epithelial cells. The outermost layer are thin and disk like.

Function: protects underlying tissues in areas subject to abrasion

Location: non-keratinized type forms the moist lining of the esophagus, mouth, and vagina; keratinized type forms the epidermis of the skin, a dry membrane.