Equine Surgery

Skin incision 2cm cranial to and parallel to the wing of the atlas is created in:

a. Modified access to Whitehouse

The sagittal ratio serves for determination of:

d. Presence of vertebral canal stenosis

Detection of osteochondral fragments along the medial malleolus of the tibia requires:

c. dorsoplantar projection

Lameness is defined as second degree when:

a. It is not observed at walk or when trotting in straight line but could be apparent under certain circumstances

The horse releases twice daily 3-4 fecal balls. The auscultation of the abdomen reveals blunt bubbling sound once per 15 min. its intestinal motility is:

a. Delayed

Tyndall effect observed in equine recurrent uveitis, represents:

a. Visualization of particles in the optimally empty anterior eye chamber

The most typical sign of osteochondrosis is:

b. Joint effusion

The horse touch the ground with the left thoracic hoof fist with the toe. This indicates:

a. Pain in the region of the left thoracic hoof heel

Blood laboratory parameters that are needed urgently in a horse with colic are:

a. Hematocrit, Total protein and lactate

Transabdominal ultrasound finding enlarged, atonic, fluid-filled small intestinal folds - means:

- d. Small intestinal ileus

Which of enumerated is NOT a predilection site for osteochondrosis:

a. Lateral fabella

Which of enumerated is NOT a predilection site for osteochondrosis:

a. Tuber calcanei

The normal hoof angle of equine thoracic limbs is:

a. 55-60 °

The first therapeutic measure during the acute stage of laminitis is:

a. Cooling of hooves

Keratomalacia occurs in:

a. Mycotic keratitis

The cornea is not ulcerated in:

a. Radiation keratopathy

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The normal ratio between the length of toe, lateral and heel hoof walls of pelvic hooves is:

c. 3 : 2.5 : 2

The horse is presented with strong colic bout, profuse gastric reflux, rectal exam shows small intestinal loops and impacted large colon content, the abdomen is not enlarged, where is the problem:

a. Small intestine

Which of enumerated drugs is applied strictly via intravenous route:

a. Buscolysin (Hyoscine butylbromide)

Dry keratoconjunctivitis is proven by:

a. Schirmer test

The teeth of horses are:

b. Susceptible to the development of pulpitis

In which age range does the replacement of deciduous with permanent teeth occur:

c. 2.5 - 5 years

Corticosteroids are contraindicated in all corneal ulcers except:

d. Ulcer (Likely refers to Indolent Ulcer)

Corticosteroids are contraindicated in all ulcerative keratitis with exception of:

a. Indolent ulcer

Guttural pouch tympany is treated through:

a. Guttural pouch puncture

In the caudal maxillary sinus are located the roots of:

a. Second and third molars

Paranasal sinuses / surrounding cavities in the horse are:

a. 6 pairs

Which of the following numbers does not refer to the number of teeth in the horse:

d. 24

Lameness is defined as fifth degree when:

b. It results in minimal or no weight bearing both in motion and at rest

The wedge-shaped test is positive in:

b. Navicular syndrome

Sepsis, Endotoxemia, Metritis colic, Salmonellosis –pose a risk from secondary development of:

a. Laminitis

Leptospirosis can lead to:

d. Recurrent uveitis

Which of the analgesics are arranged in ascending order according to their power to block visceral pain:

a. Analgin, flunixin, xylazine

The hoof shall be examined for pain by palpation with test hooves in:

a. 5 points

Contracture of which of enumerated joints is manifested with joint subluxation:

a. Distal interphalangeal joint

Which of listed is a radiological sign of cervical stenotic myelopathy:

a. Flare of the caudal epiphysis of the vertebral bodies

Which is the correct order when shoeing a horse:

a. Inspection of the horse, preparation of the horse, removal and inspection of the old horseshoe, hoof preparation, horseshoe adaptation, horseshoe nailing

The dental examination plan shall not include:

a. Examination of the horse's habitat

Lavage / Washing of guttural pouch can be done with:

a. 0.1% iodine-povidone

Which of enumerated is not a predilection site for development of physitis:

a. Distal femoral physis

Diagnostic regional anaesthesia of legs is indicated for:

d. Grade I lameness

Which of enumerated could contribute to the development of osteochondrosis:

a. Dietary copper deficiency

Osteochondrosis affects:

a. Horses of 1-4 years of age from large warm-blooded breeds

According to the Triadan system of dental nomenclature the third upper left premolar in horses is denoted with the following 3-digit number:

a. 208

Caudolateral 60° craniomedial oblique view is used to visualize:

a. Changes in the stifle joint

Which of listed antibiotics have anticollagenase activity, e.g. are efficient in keratomalacia:

a. Tetracyclines

Unilateral purulent malodorous nasal discharge is observed in:

2nd ary sinusitis

Typical sign of uveitis is:

d. Miosis

Flex test of the fetlock joint is performed for:

a. 60 sec.

Flex test of the elbow joint is performed for:

a. 60 sec.

Flex test of the carpal joint is performed for:

a. 60 sec.

Navicular wedge test:

a. 60 seconds

Flex test of the stifle joint is performed for:

a. 60 sec.

The normal engaged angle of pelvic limbs is:

a. 55-60 °

Peritoneal fluid is defined as a modified transudate when:

c. The total protein is over 20 or the total leukocyte count is over 5000

The most suitable means of treating recurrent uveitis are:

a. Corticosteroids systemically or topically

The first treatment of horse with colic is:

a. Pain control

Abdominal ultrasonography has diagnostic value in:

a. Left dislocation of the colon

In primary sinusitis which bacteria or mycotic infections occur:

a. Streptococcus species and aspergillus fumigatus

According to the Triadan system of dental nomenclature the first molar is:

a. upper right: 109, upper left: 209, down right: 409, down left: 309

According to the Triadan nomenclature system, the fourth lower right premolar is:

a. 408

Stertorous breathing can be defined when the horse is:

a. During work or at rest

What are the main signs/ symptoms for primary sinusitis:

a. Mucopurulent nasal discharge

In which age is most common secondary sinusitis:

a. 4-7 years

Which will be the first diagnosis for sinusitis:

a. Oral diagnosis

What is the treatment for chronic sinusitis:

a. Via a sutured irrigation or Foley catheter

Osteotomy will performed from the place:

a. Frontal maxillary, and ventral conchal sinus

Bone flap osteotomies may be created by:

a. General anesthesia or in standing sedated horse

For viborgs triangle is made an incision:

a. Vertical or Horizontal

Skin incision 12 cm to the ventral edge of the a. and v. linguofacial is:

a. Modified whitehouse

Guttural pouch tympany is most common seen in breeds:

a. Arabian and paint horses foals

What drugs can given to guttural pouch mycosis:

a. Itraconaloze 5mg/kg and topical Enilconazole 60 ml of 33.33mg/ml

Genetic burden of disease have from recurrent uveitis have horses of the breed:

d. Appaloosa

Anesthesia of distal and proximal nerve block:

a. Lateral palmar vein, artery and nerve, lateral palmar digital nerve, dorsal branch of lateral palmar nerve.

Lameness is defined as fourth degree when:

b. It results in minimal or no weight bearing both in motion and at rest

Steps for hoof surgery preparation:

a. Preparation for digit surgery, funnel-shape opening of the hoof foot, resection of the deep digital flexor tendon, arthrotomy of the coffin joint, horseshoeing after hoof therapy

I want to use Sapozhnikov’s method and Povazhenko’s method when:

a. To remove the hoof cartilage by access over the coronal band

I want to use Ziko’s method when:

a. The keratogenic areas of the hoof are preserved, for which the cartilage is removed after creating two accesses - one above the hoof band and one below it

I want to use methods of Bayer, Eberline, Zilberzipe-Schmidt, Ivanov when:

a. The entire hoof cartilage is revealed after removal of part of the wall and the wall corium

Odontoclastic root resorption and hypercementosis are treated by:

a. Molar extraction

Which disease is associated with growth:

b. Physitis

In congenital flexural limb deformities which joints are less frequently affected:

a. Distal and proximal interphalangeal

In acquired flexural deformities which limbs are more frequently affected:

a. Distal interphalangeal and metacarpophalangeal joint

Angular limb deformities primary affect:

a. Osseous structures and occur in frontal plane

Flexural limb deformities primary affect:

a. Soft tissue structure and occur in the sagittal plane

Which of listed is immune-privileged:

b. Cornea

Angular limb deformity with medial deviation of the limb distal to the location of the deformity is termed:

a. Varus

Angular limb deformity with lateral deviation of the limb distal to the location of the deformity is termed:

a. Valgus

Strangulation of pedunculated lipoma is most common in:

a. Drawings (Likely a mistranslation of "Drafts" or specific breeds)

Horses possess:

a. Hypsodont teeth

A three-year-old stallion stands at rest with wide-set limbs, and when moving shows ataxia with pelvic limbs and stiff gait, proprioceptive deficit with all four limbs. The most likely diagnosis is:

c. Wobbler syndrome

Ethmoidal hematoma up to 5cm in diameter is treated by:

b. Laser or chemical ablation

The equine recurrent uveitis course with alternation of acute inflammation and quiescent periods, is specific for:

b. Classic form

Which of enumerated clinical signs is NOT specific for equine recurrent uveitis:

d. Superficial vascularisation of the cornea

In which of listed conditions, gastric reflux is absent:

d. Obturation of colon tetrium by an enterolith

At rest, the horse rests one of pelvic limbs and steps on the other one. Which statement is correct:

d. The horse is healthy, this a normal resting posture

Examination of the hoof reveals that the right hind hoof is smaller than the left hoof and the front hooves are larger than the hind hooves. Which statement is true:

a. The horse does not load the hind left hoof properly

Prognathia denotes:

a. Longer mandible relative to maxilla

Campylognathia denotes:

b. Curved maxilla