Application of Forces & Transfer of Energy

Flashcards covering key concepts from the chapter on the application of forces and transfer of energy.

Force

An influence that causes an object to undergo a change in speed, direction, or shape.

Contact Force

Forces that occur when two objects are in physical contact with each other.

Non-Contact Force

Forces that can act at a distance without physical contact, such as gravitational, magnetic, and electrostatic forces.

Friction

A contact force that opposes the motion of objects sliding past each other.

Elastic Force

A force that acts to return a stretched or compressed elastic object to its original shape.

Gravitational Force

A non-contact force that attracts two bodies towards each other, dependent on mass and distance.

Electrostatic Force

A non-contact force that causes attraction or repulsion between charged particles.

Pressure

The amount of force applied per unit area on an object.

Work Done

The energy transferred when a force causes an object to move in the direction of that force.

Kinetic Energy

The energy possessed by an object due to its movement.

Potential Energy

Stored energy in an object due to its position or condition.

Conservation of Energy

A principle stating that energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transformed from one form to another.

Renewable Energy

Energy from sources that are replenished naturally, such as solar, wind, and hydropower.

Non-Renewable Energy

Energy sources that cannot be replenished within a human lifetime, such as fossil fuels.

Mass

The amount of matter in an object, measured in kilograms.

Weight

The force exerted on an object due to gravity, calculated as mass times gravitational field strength.