M1 - Inorganic Medicinals Part 2

universal, BP, specific heat, dielectric constant, surface tension, capillary action, liquid, self−ionization

WATER

> __ solvent

> High __, __, __, __, __

> __ form is denser than solid

> Undergoes __ (amphoteric)

water vapor

WATER

best expectorant

unfit, dissolved minerals, atmospheric gases, suspended organic matter

WATER

natural/mineral/well water

> __ for drinking

> contents: __, __, __

hard water

WATER

water with dissolved minerals (Ca & Mg)

bicarbonate, boiling (CaCO3 ppt) + Ca(OH)2

WATER

temporary water hardness

> Ca & Mg salt: __

> water softening method: __

sulfate & chloride, ion exchange resins

WATER

permanent water hardness

> Ca & Mg salt: __

> water softening method: __

alkaline water

(+) NaHCO3, Na2SO4, MgSO4 (appreciably qty)

saline/purgative water

(+) NaCl, Na2SO4, MgSO4 (high qty)

carbonated water

(+) Ca & Mg carbonates (+ acid)CO2 (eervescence)

chalybeate water

(+) Fe (soln / susp)

Ferruginous state - (air)Forms ferric oxide / hydroxide

lithia water

(+) Li carbonate / chloride

sulfur water

(+) H2S & deposit S upon atm exposure

siliceceous water

(+) Soluble alkali silicates

barayta water or Ba(OH)2 saturated solution

(+) Ba(OH)2 (saturated soln)

distillation, reverse osmosis, ion exchange, treated water

WATER

potable water

> USP methods: __, __, __

> water fit for drink

coagulation, settling, filtration

WATER

treated water:

> insoluble matter removal: __, __, __

aeration, chlorination

WATER

treated water:

> microorganism (coliform) destruction: __, __

aeration, filtration with charcoal

WATER

treated water:

> palatability improvement: __, __

Na fluorosilicate, anticariogenic

WATER

water fluoridation

(+) __

> use: __

purified water (NP)

WATER

ingredient of official preps, tests, assays (unless specified)

water for injection

WATER

solvent for parenteral manufacturing

sterile WIJ

WATER

solvent for extemporaneous compounding of parenterals

bacteriostatic WIJ

WATER

with benzyl alcohol (1-4%)

neonates - glycine conjugation

WATER

contraindication of bacteriostatic WIJ: __

corrosive, coagulative necrosis

STRONG ACIDS & BASES

strong acids

> classification: __

> effect: __

caustic, liquefaction necrosis

STRONG ACIDS & BASES

strong bases

> classification: __

> effect: __

deliquescence

absorbs water then dissolve or liquefy

Na/K hydroxide, Mg/Ca/Fe chloride, NaNO3

examples of compounds that undergo deliquescence

hygroscopic

absorbs water but doesn't dissolve

table salt, table sugar, CaO, CuO

examples of hygroscopic compounds

efflorescence

lose water of hydration/crystallization upon exposure to air

muriatic acid, gastric juice, pepsinogen, pepsin

hydrochloric acids & its salts

hydrochloric acid

> AKA __

> (+) __: chief cells secrete __, which is converted to __ (active form)

gastric achlorhydria

hydrochloric acids & its salts

diluted HCl (10% w/v solution)

> treatment: __

dendritic/rock/table/sea/solar salt, Na+ replenisher, tonicity-adjusting agent, condiment, preservative

hydrochloric acids & its salts

sodium chloride

> AKA

> use: __, __, __, __

NSS, ringer's solution, lactated ringer's/hartmann's solution, darrow's solution, ORS

hydrochloric acids & its salts

isotonic solutions

> __: 0.9% NaCl in water

> __: NaCl + KCl + CaCl2

> __: NaCl + KCl + CaCl2 + Na Lactate

> __: NaCl + KCl + Na lactate

> __: NaCl + KCl + Na citrate + glucose

kalium durules, K+ replenisher, cardiac and skeletal muscle contractant (slow push; IV drip), meniere's syndrome, ears, hearing loss, lethal, euthanasia, mercy killing

hydrochloric acids & its salts

potassium chloride

> brand name: __

> use: __, __

> treatment: __/inflammation of __ that leads to __

> IVP injection: __; for __/__

muriate of hartshorn, expectorant, diuretic, systemic and urinary acidifier

chlorides

ammonium chloride

> AKA __

> use: __, __, __

muriate of lime, Ca replenisher, systemic and urinary acidifier

chlorides

calcium chloride

> AKA __

> use: __, __

astringent, antiseptic, antiperspirant, deodorant

chlorides

aluminum chloride

> use: __, __, __, __

burnett's disinfecting liquid, zinc butter, lucas reagent, antiseptics, dentin sensitizer, astringosol

chlorides

zinc chloride

> AKA __, __

> (+) __

> use: __, __

> found in __

dentin sensitizer, sensodyne

chlorides

strontium chloride

> use: __

> found in __

calomel, cathartic, ly-na, black lotion

chlorides

mercurous chloride

> AKA __

> use: __

> active ingredient of __

> __: calomel + lime water

corrosive sublimate, disinfectant

chlorides

mercuric chloride

> AKA __

> use: __

white ppt, topical anti-infective

chlorides

mercuric ammonium chloride/ammoniated mercury

> precipitate color: __

> use: __

lover's/sympathetic ink, silica gel beads indicator

chlorides

cobaltous chloride

> AKA __

> use: __

emetic, tinea infection

chlorides

cadmium chloride

> use: __

> treatment: __

astringent, styptic, tannins

chlorides

ferric chloride

> use: __, __

> test for __

household bleach, clorox, labarraque's solution, dakin's solution, labarraque's solution, dakin's solution, oxidizing agent, bleaching agent, disinfectant

hypochlorites

sodium hypochlorites

> AKA __, __, __, __

> 2.5%: __

> 5%: __

> use: __, __, __

modified dakin's solution, antiseptic

hypochlorites

sodium hypochlorites

> __: diluted NaOCl (450-500 mg/100mL)

> use: __

chlorinated/chlorite of lime, bleaching agent, disinfectant

hypochlorites

calcium hypochlorite

> AKA __

> use: __, __

oxidizing agent, deodorant

chlorates/perchlorates

potassium chlorate

> use: __, __

oxidizing agent, blocking agent for I131, hyperthyroidism, iodine uptake, thyroid hormone production

chlorates/perchlorates

potassium perchlorate

> __, __

> treatment: __

> inhibits __, thereby decreasing the __

I2 solubilizer, iodine solution and tincture, moisture, light

hydroiodic acid & its salts

sodium iodide

> use: __ for __

> note: protect from __ and __

I2 solubilizer, strong iodine solution and tincture, cutaneous lymphatic sporotrichosis, hyperthyroidism, thyroid surgery, radiation emergency

hydroiodic acid & its salts

potassium iodide

> use: __ for __

> DOC: __

> treatment: __

> as saturated solution: to prepare for __

> as tablet, oral solution: to protect the thyroid in cases of __

germicide

iodides

silver iodide

> use: __

syphilis, indolent ulcers

iodides

mercuric iodide

> treatment: __

> stimulant of __

mayer's reagent, alkaloidal

iodides

mercuric potassium iodide

> AKA __

> __ reagent

aqua fortis

nitric acid & salts

nitric acid

> AKA __

vasodilator, meat/fish curing, preservative, flavor production, color development, carcinogenic

nitric acid & salts

sodium nitrite

> use: __, __, __, __, __, __

chile salt peter, meat preservative, explosives manufacturing

nitrates

sodium nitrate

> AKA __

> use: __, __

salt peter, prunelle, salitre, meat preservative, dentin desensitizer

nitrates

potassium nitrate

> AKA __, __, __

> use: __, __

lapiz infernulariz, caustic pencil, lunar caustic, indelible ink, water, warts, 0.5%, 1% ophthalmic solution

nitrates

silver nitrate

> AKA __, __, __, __

> __ soluble Ag salt

> treatment: __

> __: wet dressing for 3rd degree burns

> __: prophylaxis for gonorrheal ophthalmia neonatorum

howe's solution, tollen's reagent, dental protective, desensitizing agent, tollen's/silver mirror, reducing

nitrates

silver ammonium nitrate, ammoniacal silver nitrate

> AKA __, __

> use: __, __

> __ test: to detect __ substance

antacid, astringent, antiseptic, peptic ulcer caused by h. pylori, metronidazole, tetracycline, bismuth subsalicylate, helidac

nitrates

bismuth subnitrate

> use: __, __, __

> treatment: __

> MTB composition: __, __, __

> MTB is called __

oil of vitriol

sulfuric acid & its salts

sulfuric acid

> AKA __

HiO, bisulfite, fumigant, bisulfite of commerce, reducing, water, antioxidant, phenol/catechol, quinones, vitamin C, antimicrobial property, food fermentation, preservative

metabisulfites

sodium metabisulfite

> +__ to from Na __

> Na bisulfite use: __

> AKA __

> __ agent, __ soluble __

> drugs with __ nucleus to prevent oxidation to __

> __ solutions must be acid in pH

> uses: __, __, __

antioxidant

metabisulfites

potassium metabisulfite

> use: __

glauber's salt, saline laxative/cathartic

sulfates

sodium sulfate

> AKA __

> use: __

epsom salt, cathartic, anticonvulsant

sulfates

magnesium sulfate

> AKA __

> use: __ (PO), __ (IM)

plaster of paris, surgical cast

sulfates

calcium sulfate, CaSO4 . 1/2 H2O

> AKA __

> use: __

gypsum, terra alba, dentifrice, rodenticide

sulfates

calcium sulfate, CaSO4 . 2 H2O

> AKA __, __

> use: __, __

white vitriol, 0.25% solution, white lotion

sulfates

zinc sulfate

> AKA __

> __: only FDA approved ophthalmic astringent

> component of __: sulfurated potash + ZnSO4 --> ZnS

ophthalmic antiseptic

sulfates

cadmium sulfate

> use: __

blue/roman/salzburg vitriol, blue stone, Fe utilization, barfoed's, benedicts/dipstick, fehling's, reducing substances, brick red

sulfates

cupric sulfate

> AKA __/__/__, __

> enhances __

> component of __, __, __: tests for __, (+) __ ppt

CuSO4 + CaO, algicide, fungicide

sulfates

bordeaux mixture

> __ + __

> use: __, __ in swimming pools

green vitriol, hematinic, constipation

sulfates

ferrous sulfate

> AKA __

> use: __

> S/E: __

mohr salt

sulfates

ferrous ammonium sulfate

> AKA __

oesper's salt

sulfates

ferrous ethylene diammonium sulfate

> AKA

monsel's solution, styptic

sulfates

ferric (sub)sulfate solution

> AKA __

> use: __

barium meal, radiopaque for GIT imaging, constipation

sulfates

barium sulfate

> AKA __

> use: __

> S/E: __

tonic, parasiticide

sulfates

nickel sulfate

> use: __, __

alum, tawas, astringent, antiperspirant, deodorant, styptic

sulfates

aluminum potassium sulfate

> AKA __, __

> use __, __, __, __

photographer's hypochlor, reducing, volumetric solution in iodometry, sulfur, sulfate, removal from aqueous solutions

sulfates

sodium thiosulfate, sodium hyposulfite (MISNOMER)

> AKA __

> __ agent

> use: __

> acids: decompose thiosulfate to __

> bases: decompose thiosulfate to __

> CI: __

white ppt, topical protectant, antiseptic, parasiticide

sulfides

zinc sulfide

> only __

> use: __, __, __

pink/salmon/flesh

sulfides

manganese sulfide

> __ colored sulfide

yellow, capsebon, antiseborrheic

sulfides

cadmium sulfide

> only __ sulfide: __

> use:

selsun blue, 2.5%, seborrheic dermatitis

sulfides

selenium sulfide

> found in __

> __ suspension: treatment of __

black, galena

sulfides

lead sulfide

> __ sulfide, __

lab

phosphoric acid & its salts

phosphoric acid

> used in the __

reducing agent

phosphoric acid & its salts

sodum hypophosphite

> __ agent

phosphorous source for hypophosphatemia and TPN, systemic and urinary acidifier

phosphates

monobasic sodium phosphate, sodium dihydrogen phosphate

> use: __, __

phosphate of soda

phosphates

dibasic sodium phosphate, sodium biphosphate

> AKA __

monobasic + dibasic sodium phosphate, saline laxative, dec

phosphates

fleet enema

> __ + __

> use: __

> increase P, __ Ca

very alkaline reaction, none

phosphates

tribasic sodium phosphate

> __ with water (corrosive)

> pharm use: __

graham's salt, calgon, detergent, water softener

phosphates

sodium polymetaphosphate

> AKA __, __

> use: __, __

sorensen's potassium phosphate, buffer

phosphates

monobasic potassium phosphate

> AKA __

> used as a __

various buffers & parenteral fluids hypercalcemia, urinary acidifier, free Ca excretion in urine, stone formation, pyrophosphate ion (Ca chelator), kidney stone dissolution, urine, diarrhea

phosphates

monobasic + dibasic potassium phosphate

> reagent for __

> treatment for __

> use: __

> dec __, dec __

> free __

> favors __, complex is excreted in __

> S/E: __

bone ash, antacid

phosphates

calcium phosphate

> AKA __

> use: __

ca electrolyte replenisher

phosphates

dibasic calcium phosphate

> use: __

phosphagel, antacid, demulcent

phosphates

> AKA __

> use: __, __