Memory

Sensory Memory

Sensory Memory

Retains sensory information for a brief period of time.

Short-term Memory (STM)

Temporary retention of information necessary for tasks.

Long-term Memory (LTM)

Stores information for an extended period of time.

Atkinson-Shiffrin Model

Three-stage model of memory processing.

Working Memory Model

Explains how short-term memory works.

Levels of Processing Model

Depth of processing impacts memory strength.

Attention

Ability to selectively focus on specific aspects of the environment.

Rehearsal

Repetition of information to transfer it to long-term memory.

Interference

Proactive and retroactive interference can affect memory.

Stress and Emotion

Impact memory formation, retrieval, and consolidation.

Episodic Memory

Recollection of personal experiences and events.

Semantic Memory

General knowledge of the world.

Procedural Memory

Memory of how to perform skills and tasks.

Declarative Memory

Storage and retrieval of consciously recalled information.

Memory Disorders

Conditions that affect the ability to remember and recall information.

Eyewitness Testimony

Evidence provided by a witness based on their memory of an event.

Cognitive psychology

The study of mental processes such as attention, perception, memory, and problem-solving.

Memory

The ability to encode, store, and retrieve information.

Types of memory

Declarative memory (memory of facts and events) and procedural memory (memory of skills and procedures).

Factors influencing memory

Attention, perception, and emotions can influence memory.

Theories of memory

Levels of processing theory (memory is influenced by the depth of processing) and encoding specificity principle (memory is improved when the context of encoding matches the context of retrieval).

Techniques for improving memory

Mnemonic devices (strategies to aid memory) and memory strategies (strategies to enhance memory performance).

Practical applications of memory

Education, healthcare, workplace, and legal contexts can benefit from understanding memory.

Neurobiology of memory

The biological mechanisms underlying memory formation, storage, and retrieval in the brain.

Neurological and neurodegenerative disorders

Conditions that affect the nervous system and can cause symptoms related to movement, cognition, and behavior.

Memory improvement strategies

Techniques and exercises to enhance memory function and recall ability.

Cross-cultural perspectives on memory

Cultural practices, beliefs, and language can influence memory processes.

Implicit Memory

Implicit memory refers to memories that are not consciously accessible, such as procedural memory, which is responsible for skills and habits.

Phonological loop

The phonological loop is responsible for the temporary storage of verbal information

Visuospatial sketchpad

Visuospatial sketchpad is responsible for visual and spatial information

central executive

The central executive acts as a control center, directing attention and coordinating the other two components. 

Divided attention

Maintenance rehearsal

Maintenance rehearsal is simple repetition of information

Elaborative rehearsal

Elaborative rehearsal involves processing information at a deeper level by making meaningful connections to existing knowledge. 

Over-rehearsal

Over-rehearsal can be detrimental to memory, as it can lead to interference effects where previously learned information interferes with the encoding of new information.

Proactive interference

Proactive interference occurs when previously learned information interferes with the encoding of new information. 

Retroactive interference

Retroactive interference occurs when newly learned information interferes with the retrieval of previously learned information. 

Yerkes-Dodson Law

The Yerkes-Dodson Law states that arousal and performance are related. Performance increases with arousal, but only to a certain point. After reaching an optimal level, more arousal can decrease performance. Moderate arousal is best for optimal performance.

Brain's hippocampus

Hippocampus plays a crucial role in the formation of declarative memory, which is the memory of facts and events

Cerebellum

The cerebellum is a region of the brain responsible for coordinating movement and maintaining balance.

basal ganglia

The basal ganglia are a group of structures in the brain involved in motor control and coordination.