Big test for science

Genetics

The study of how characteristics are passed on from one generation to the next

Heredity

Transmission of characteristics from parents to offspring

Recessive

An allele that is masked by the presence of another allele

Phenotype

The appearance of an organism

Dominant

An allele that masks the presence of another allele

Alleles

Different gene choices for a trait

Homozygous

When both alleles in the pair are the same

Heterozygous/hybrid

When both alleles in the pair are different

Genotype

The genetic makeup (GG)

Gregor Mendel

The father of genetics

Trait

A distinguishing quality or characteristic of an organism

Genes

Units of heredity; made up by sequences of DNA

Chromosomes

thread like organized structures of dna and protein found in the nucleus of cells

Karyotype

It’s an organized profile of a persons chromosomes

Meiosis

The process that produces genetically unique sex cells

Mitosis

a type of cell division where one cell (parent) divides to produce two new cells (daughters) that are genetically identical to itself

What are the building blocks of proteins

Amino Acids

Where in the cell are the proteins produced/assembled?

Ribosomes

Where does translation occur?

It happens in the ribosomes of the cell

Where does transcription occur?

It happens in the nucleus

What is the function of messenger RNA (mRNA)?

The function of mRNA is to take the code from the nucleus to a ribosome.

What is the function of transfer RNA (tRNA)?

• It carries amino acids to the ribosome.  

• The tRNA anti-codon pairs up with the mRNA codon to deliver an amino acid. This amino acid will be added to a developing chain of amino acids that will form a protein.

Number of daughter cells at the end of mitosis

2

Mitosis has … cells

Diploid

How many times does the cell go through PMAT in mitosis?

Once

In mitosis, are daughter cells vertically identical or unique

They are genetically identical

At the end of meiosis, how many daughter cells are there?

4

In meiosis, is it a diploid or haploid cell

Haploid cells

In meiosis how many times does the cell go through PMAT?

Twice

In mitosis what cells are produced?

Body cells

In meiosis what cells are produced?

sex cells

In meiosis, are the daughter cells genetically identical or unique?

Unique

Karyotype

an individual's complete set of chromosomes, or a laboratory-produced image (karyogram) displaying these chromosomes arranged in pairs by size, shape, and number