agriculture

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Pre-Agricultural Food Procurement

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aphg agriculture flashcards (ai generated)

41 Terms

1

Pre-Agricultural Food Procurement

People gathered, fished, and hunted for food before agriculture due to the inability to grow their own food.

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2

Tools and Fire in Primitive Hunting

Tools improved hunting effectiveness, while fire enabled controlled burnings and cooking, aiding in hunting strategies.

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3

Agriculture

Purposeful growing of crops and raising livestock to produce food, feed, and fiber, crucial for human survival.

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4

Plant Domestication

Farmers select best seeds for planting, leading to larger and hardier crops; first occurred in the Fertile Crescent.

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5

Root Crops vs Seed Crops

Root crops are grown from a plant's root, while seed crops are grown from seeds, with seed crops lasting longer without planting.

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6

Agriculture's Impact on Civilizations

Agriculture increased food security, allowing settlements to form, job specialization, and enhanced trade.

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7

Animal Domestication

Adapting wild animals for human use; first domesticated around 8000 BCE in the Fertile Crescent.

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8

Subsistence Farming

Self-sufficient agriculture on a small scale, emphasizing local food production over trade.

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9

Shifting Cultivation

Agricultural practice involving clearing land and moving to new areas, impacting villagers by necessitating new settlements.

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10

Second Agricultural Revolution

1700s-1800s advancements in technology, livestock breeding, and seed production to boost food output and manufacturing.

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11

Columbian Exchange

Movement of animals, plants, and diseases between continents, influencing an unequal exchange due to exploitation.

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12

Third Agricultural Revolution (Green Revolution)

Utilizing engineered seeds, irrigation, and fertilizers to enhance crop production, benefiting countries like Mexico and the Philippines.

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13

Concerns with Genetically Engineered Foods

Scientists worry about health and environmental impacts; subsistence farmers struggle to compete with GE crops.

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14

Agricultural Developments in Gambia

Transformation of wetlands for year-round rice production altered traditional land use.

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15

Women in Agriculture

60% of women in sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia work in agriculture; transition to commercial agriculture increased female labor dependence.

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16

Cadastral System

Land survey method defining ownership and property lines, often using satellites for accuracy.

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17

Von Thunen Model

Illustrates transportation costs to market, showing proximity of perishable goods to cities and non-perishables farther away.

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18

Nucleated Settlements

Nucleated settlements are clustered, optimizing land use for farming, while dispersed settlements are spread out.

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19

Houses in Social Status

Houses reflect wealth and status; functional differentiation in farm villages assigns different functions to buildings.

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20

Commercial Agriculture vs Monoculture

Commercial agriculture focuses on selling crops, while monoculture relies on a single agricultural commodity for production.

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21

Food Security

The greatest threat facing productive farmland, encompassing production-consumption overlap, land use, and price fluctuations.

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22

Food Desert

Areas lacking nutritious food availability, often found in low-income neighborhoods with limited grocery stores.

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23

Urban Agriculture

Cultivation of land or livestock in small urban areas like rooftops or converted brownfields.

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24

Colonization Impact

Colonial powers changed land use by forcing subsistence farmers to produce cash crops and promoted commercial farming.

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25

Shifting Cultivation Criteria

Successful sustainment requires an abundance of land and a relatively sparse population.

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26

Cyrus McCormick

Innovator who designed a mechanical reaper, revolutionizing farm production and reducing the need for human labor.

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27

Triangular Trade Network

Trading system between the Americas, Europe, and Africa, involving the exchange of goods, including slaves.

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28

Agricultural Revolutions

Donald Baker described three revolutions focusing on societal changes, technological innovations, and genetic engineering.

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29

Green Revolution Failure

Despite increased production, it led to pollution, input intensification, and challenges for small-scale farmers.

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30

Von Thunen's Theory

The theory still holds true regarding the connection between land use and transportation costs.

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31

Social Stratification

The size and quality of housing reflect social status and wealth, indicating social stratification.

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32

Cold Chain

Process of harvesting unripe produce and ripening it during transport by controlling temperatures.

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33

United Fruit Company

Illustrates the link between economic and political motivations through close ties with influential individuals.

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34

Wine Vineyards

Predominantly found in Mediterranean climates due to ideal grape-growing conditions.

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35

Intensive Agriculture

Intensive practices use high-cost inputs, while extensive practices rely more on human labor.

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36

Luxury Crop

Coffee, once the main luxury crop, is a non-essential crop bought for pleasure rather than survival.

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37

Fair Trade Campaign

A movement to support certified coffee producers by reducing the number of actors in the supply chain.

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38

Agribusiness

Business providing services to support agriculture, impacting industries like poultry by supplying chicks and feed.

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39

World Hunger Factors

Poverty traps, lack of agricultural investment, climate, war, market instability, and food wastage contribute to world hunger.

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40

Food Deserts

Areas with limited access to affordable, nutritious food, often found in low-income neighborhoods with few grocery stores.

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41

Jared Diamond vs Carl Sauer

  • Jared says they went there because there was too much competition for wild berries/crops so they will grow it for themselves

  • Carl said it was so that people didn’t have to go out, people could do other stuff) 

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