NutriDiet: Energy from Food

Energy

the force that enables the body to do its work/ chemical energy locked in foodstuffs brought about by metabolism

metabolism

the chemical process of transforming food into complex tissue elements & of transforming complex body substances into simple ones, along with the production of heat & energy

chemical, mechanical, electrical, thermal

4 basic forms of energy

chemical

for synthesis of new compound

mechanical

for muscle contraction

electrical

for brain and nerve activity

thermal

for regulation of body temperature

calories

• the chemical energy stored from food

• energy used by the cells to allow it to function

• energy used releases heat

• the unit of measurement for the energy that the body gets from food and the energy used in physical activity

• anything that contains energy

• are not eaten but are by-products of CHO,CHON, and fats that are oxidized in the body

Kilogram calorie (kcal)

unit of energy commonly used in human nutrition

a. small calorie or gram calories (cal)

b. large calorie, food calorie, or kilocalorie (Cal or kcal)

2 types of calorie

1 kcal

1,000 small cal

small calorie or gram calorie (cal

is the amount of heat energy required to raise the temperature of 1 gram (g) of water by 1º Celsius (º C).

large calorie, food calorie, or kilocalorie (Cal or kcal)

is the amount of heat energy required to raise 1 kilogram (kg) of water by 1º C.

calorific value

fuel factor

Calorific values (Fuel factor) of 3 main components of food:

1 g of Carbohydrates contains 4 kcal

1 g of Protein contains 4 kcal

1 g of Fat contains 9 kcal

empty calories

Cal that provide energy but very little nutritional value. The parts of food that provide this contain virtually no dietary fiber, amino acids, antioxidants, dietary minerals, or vitamins

solid fats

Although these exist naturally in many foods, they are often added during industrial food processing, as well as during the preparation of certain foods. Example: Butter

added sugars

These are sweeteners that are added to foods and beverages during industrial processing. They are filled with calories.

sucrose, high-fructose corn syrup

most common types of added sugars

Alcohol

can also contribute empty calories to the diet. 1 serving of beer can add 153 kcal to a person's intake for the day.

ice cream, donuts, pastries, cookies, cakes

Solid fats and added sugars

ribs, bacon, hot dogs, sausages, cheese, pizza

solid fats

fruit drinks, sports drinks, energy drinks, soda

added sugars

1824; Nicolas Clement a french chemist professor

calorie was first defined in ____ by ____

Calor; meaning heat

calorie is derived from a latin word

bomb calorimeter

• The Total Energy (total calorie content) available from food can be measured by a device called a

• is a type of constant volume calorimeter used in measuring the heat of combustion of a particular reaction; has to withstand the large pressure within the calorimeter as the reaction is being measured

bomb

A sealed vessel that contains a smaller container called a

Joules; 4.184 joule (kilojoules)

• It is the measure of energy in the metric system

• it is equal to the energy transferred to an object when a force of one newton acts on that object in the direction of the force's motion through a distance of one metre

• 1 calorie (kilocalorie) =

kJ/g and kcal/g

energy values for the three food types are in