Specialized cells and the hierarchy

process where body is replaced

regeneration

cell specialization

cells develop ways to perform specific functions

stem cells

unspecialized cells but can become specialized if exposed to certain conditions

embryonic stem cells

could undergo differentiation to become specialized to cure diseases - they look diff from one another

in the EMBRYO

adult stem cells

exist in some tissue but can only form specific type of cell

usually repair damaged tissue

blood, neural tissue, skin of ADULTS

tissues are…

contain many types of specialized cells that work together to complete task

types of animal tissue

epithelial

nervous

muscle

connective

animals are ….. organisms

whats the catch?

they are multicellular organism

each specialized cell has to work together and complete functions, or else animal will die

how are specialized cells produced

through cellular differentiation produced by stem cells

organs have..

two or more types of tissue to perform a complex function

e.g. Heart

organ system

one or more organs that work together to perform vital bodily function

e.g. respiratory system

types of plant tissue

dermal

vascular

ground

epidermal tissue

thin layer of cell that cover surface of leaves stems, roots

creates waxy cuticle to protect leaves from water loss

what is on epidermal tissue of plants

root hairs that increase surface area for nutrient and water absorption

vascular tissue

circulates water, nutrients, and other throughout plant

types of vascular tissue

Xylem, Phloem

Xylem tissue

elongated cells that are hollow tubes with no organelles - create a tube

transport water from roots to leaves

Phloem tissue

transports sugars that came from photosynthesis, chemicals, hormones throughout plant

ground tissue

all tissue in between dermal and vascular tissue.

stores carbs in roots

provides storage and support in stems

in charge of photosynthesis in leaves

name of specialized plant cells

meristematic cells

meristematic cells

specialized plant cells, and only plant cells that continue to divide.

two types of meristematic cells

apical meristem

lateral meristem

apical meristem

tissue at the tip of shoots and roots (allow to grow longer)

lateral meristem

tissue in stem and roots (allow plant to grow wider)

main plant body systems

root and shoot system

root system

parts below ground (or could be above)

1. anchors plants

2. absorbs stuff from soil

3. stores glucose (food)

shoot system

above ground composed of leaf, flower, stem

1. photosynthesis

2. flower production for reproductive purposes

pistil

reproductive part of the flower that froms seeds

stamen

creates pollen for reproduction

photosynthesis (eq + loc)

CO2 + H2O + light energy => C6H12O6 + O2

in leaf cells in ground tissue