APUSH Unit 11 Quiz

Stock Market Crash

Reasons:

* Uneven distribution of income
* __Stock Market speculation__
* Excessive use of credit
* __Overproduction of consumer goods__
* Weak farm economy
* Government policies
* Global economy problems

Results:

* The __value of all the goods and services__ produced by the nation in one year __dropped__ from $104 billion to $56 million in four years
* Nation’s income declined by over 50%
* 20% of all banks closed
* Number of __unemployed had reached 13 million people__
* Ended Republican domination of government

Hawley-Smoot Tariff

* One of the __highest tariff rates in history__


* Passed by the Republican Congress set tax increases ranging from 31% to 49% on foreign imports
* Effect __was to reduce trade for all nations__, meaning that both the national and international economies sank further into depression

Reconstruction Finance Corporation (RFC)

Federally funded government-owned __corporation__ as a measure for __propping up faltering railroads, banks, life insurance companies, and other financial institutions__

Bonus March

A __thousand unemployed World War 1 veterans marched to Washington, D.C., to demand immediate payment of the bonuses promised them at a later date__

* The incident caused many Americans to __regard Hoover as heartless and uncaring__

Election of 1932

* Republican- __Hoover__
* Democrat- NY Governor __Franklin D. Roosevelt__
* Almost 60% of them __concluded that it was time for a change, Roosevelt only getting six states__

Background on FDR

* A __distant cousin of President Theodore Roosevelt__
* __Expanded the size of the federal gov__., altered its scope of operations, and greatly enlarged presidential powers
* Became __one of the most influential world leaders of the 20th century__

Eleanor Roosevelt

* __Roosevelt’s wife__ emerged as a __leader in her own right__
* __Most active first lady in history__, writing a newspaper column, giving speeches, and traveling the country
* Served as the __president’s social conscience__ and influenced him to support minorities and the less fortunate

Brain Trust

A group of __advisors who had assisted Roosevelt__ while he was governor of NY

* __University professors who gave him advice on economic matters__

20/21 Amendment

20th

* Known as the __*lame-duck*__ __amendment__
* Shortened the period between presidential election and inauguration
* __Set the start of each president’s term for January 20__

21st

* Repealed the 18th amendment, bringing __Prohibition to an end__

Fireside Chats

An influential __series of radio broadcasts in which Roosevelt utilized the media__ to present his programs and ideas directly to the public and thereby __redefined the relationship between the President and the American people__

Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC)

Guaranteed __individual bank deposits__

Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA)

A huge __experiment in regional development and public planning__

National Recovery Administration (NRA)

An attempt to __guarantee reasonable profits for business and fair wages and hours for labor__

__**Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC)**__

Created to regulate the stock market and to place strict limits on the kind of speculative practices that had led to the Wall Street crash in 1929

* __**Monitors the Stock Market**__

Wager Act

Guaranteed a worker’s right to join a union and a union’s right to bargain collectively

* __Outlawed business practices that were unfair to labor__

__**Social Security Act**__

Created a federal insurance program based upon the automatic collection o payments from employees and employees throughout people’s working careers

* __**Government aid for the unemployed, disabled and elderly**__
* Used to make monthly payments to retired persons over the age of 65

Election of 1936

* Democrat- __Roosevelt__
* Republican- __Alf Landon__
* __Roosevelt swamped Landon__, winning __every state except Maine and Vermont__ and more than 60% of the popular vote
* __**New support for the Democrats came from African Americans**__ who left the Republican party __**because of Roosevelt’s New Deal**__

Townsend (Critic)

Dr. __Francis E. Townsend proposed__ that a 2% federal sales tax be used to create a __special fund, from which every retired person over 60 years old would receive $200 a month__

Long (Critic)

__Huey Long__ became a prominent national figure by __proposing a “Share Our Wealth” program__ that __promised a minimum annual income of $5,000 for every American family__, to be paid for by taxing the wealthy

FDR and the Supreme Court

Conservative __decisions of the U.S. Supreme Court proved the most frustrating to Roosevelt’s leadership in his first term__

* __Supreme Court effectively killed both the NRA__ for business recovery and the __AAA__ for agricultural recovery by deciding that the laws creating them were unconstitutional
* __**Court Reorganization Plan**__

__**Dust Bowl**__

A severe drought ruined crops in the Great Plains

* __**Major causes were drought, over-farming, and the erosion of the topsoil**__
* With their farms turned to dust, and their health often compromised

__**Affects of the New Deal**__

* Massive __expansion of the federal gov.__ and its role in the lives of Americans
* The __growth of the powers of the president__
* The __public would now expect the gov. to solve their economic problems__

__**Hoover and FDR different views on handling the depression**__

* __Hoover was hesitant to provide direct relief__ and __felt it would make the public too dependent on the government__
* He felt the depression would cycle itself out
* __FDR felt direct relief was necessary__ and the New Deal procided those programs

__**One of FDR’s biggest early challenges**__

To __fix the Banks and give people confidence in the banks again__

* FDIC insured savings in bank