Metabolic Pathways: Glycolysis and Krebs Cycle

These flashcards cover key terms and concepts related to glycolysis and the Krebs cycle, focusing on metabolic pathways, important enzymes, and ATP production.

Glycolysis

Metabolic pathway that converts one glucose molecule into two pyruvate molecules, producing a net of 2 ATP and 2 NADH.

Pyruvate

End product of glycolysis that can be converted into Acetyl-CoA.

Hexokinase

Enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of glucose to glucose-6-phosphate in the first step of glycolysis.

Net ATP from Glycolysis

2 ATP produced from the glycolytic conversion of glucose to pyruvate.

Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Complex

Enzyme complex that converts pyruvate into Acetyl-CoA in the mitochondrial matrix.

Acetyl-CoA

Product formed from pyruvate that enters the Krebs cycle.

TCA Cycle

Also known as the Krebs cycle, it is a series of enzymatic reactions that produce energy through the oxidation of Acetyl-CoA.

NADH

Reduced form of NAD+ that carries electrons to the electron transport chain.

FADH₂

Reduced form of FAD that carries electrons to the electron transport chain.

ATP Yield

Total ATP produced from fully oxidizing one glucose molecule, roughly 30-32 ATP.

2 GTP

Equivalent to 2 ATP produced during one turn of the TCA cycle.

Oxaloacetate

Four-carbon molecule that combines with Acetyl-CoA to form citrate in the Krebs cycle.

2 NADH = how many ATP

6 ATP

6 NADH = how many ATP

18 ATP

2 FADH2

4 ATP

1 FADH2

2 ATP

5 FADH2

10 ATP

what enzyme is used for the last step of glycolysis

pyruvate kinase,

Starting product for glycolysis

Glucose 

how many carbons in pyruvate

is a 3-carbon molecule produced during glycolysis.

how many carbons are glucose

6-carbon

Pyruvate without oxygen away produces

Latic acid

Pyruvate with oxygen produces 

acetyl-CoA and carbon dioxide.

Which enzyme produces CO2 in Krebs cycle

isocitrate dehydrogenase

which enzyme produces FADH

is succinate dehydrogenase

what is the net gain of Krebs cycle?

The net gain of the Krebs cycle per acetyl-CoA is 3 NADH, 1 FADH2, 1 GTP (or ATP), and 2 CO2.