Evol Exam

Lincoln Steffens

McClure’s

Ida M. Tarbell

McClure’s

William Trotter

The Guardian

Upton Sinclair

The Jungle (chicago meat packing plants); bullied into losing CA gov race

William Llyod Garrison

The Liberator

Elijah Lovejoy

The Observer

J.A. Wayland

Appeal to Reason; extremely popular socialist newspaper

Ida B. Wells

Memphis Free Speech and Headlight

Sam Adams

“Journal of Occourances” (a column)

James Franklin

New-England Courant

Frederick Douglass

The North Star

Mary Ann Shadd Cary

The North Star and Provincial Freeman

Horatio Sheppard

New York Morning Post (1st penny paper-unssucsessful)

James Gordon Benner

The New York Herald

William Randolph Hearst

New York Journal

Horace Greely

The New York Tribune

Margaret Fuller

The New York Tribune

Joseph Pulitzer

The New York World

Nellie Bly

The New York World and Pittsburgh Dispatch

Benjamin Day

The New York Sun (first successful penny paper)

Thomas Paine

Common Sense (a pamphlet)

Jerome Brown

Legal scholar

John Brown

Abolitionist

Penny Press

-First commerical newspapers, sold for 1 cent

-Born in NY

What was the first penny paper? Unssucessful

New York Morning Post- Horatio David Sheppard

What was the first successful penny papper?

The New York Sun- Benjamin Day

The Stamp Act and it’s significance

Put taxes on paper used by lawyers and printers

What is the dominant narrative about the American War for Independence?

-Colonists were abused by England

-Newspapers played a major role in fomenting revolution and pushing for freedom

-Revolution may not have happened without newspapers

Evidence for dominat narrative about American War for Independence

New-England Courant challenged British authority, Sam Adams wrote about wrongdoings of British soldiers (a lot was exaggerated)

What is the counter narrative about the American War for Independence?

-American elite vs. English elite

-Newspapers used as a propaganda organ to turn American poor against King

Evidence for counter narrative about American War for Independence

Most colonial newspapers were mouthpieces of the government, newspapers read by elites, not the common person

Characteristics of the penny press

-Nonpartisan

-Survived on street sales and advertising

-Lively writing style

-Geared toward common person

What were the reasons that the penny press developed

-The urbanization of America

-Techonological advances

-Growth in literacy

-Growing working and middle class