Studied by 1 personWhat determines the properties of the molecule
subcomponents of biological molecules and their sequences
What do living systems depend on
properties of water resulting from its polarity and hydrogen bonding
What do the hydrogen bonds in water molecules result in
cohesion, adhesion, and surface tension
What must organisms exchange to grow, reproduce, and maintain organization
matter
What atoms and molecules from the environment are necessary for to build new molecules
Carbon, Nitrogen, and Phosphorus
What is carbon used for
building biological molecules (i.e. carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids) + in storage compounds and cell formation
What is nitrogen used for
building proteins and nucleic acids
What is phosphorus used for
building nucleic acids and certain lipids
What are hydrolysis and dehydration synthesis used for
cleaving and forming covalent bonds between monomers
Where do the structure and function of polymers come from
the way their monomers are assembled
How are nucleic acids built and what is their structure composition
information is encoded in sequences of nucleotide monomers composed of a five-carbon sugar (deoxyribose or ribose), a phosphate, and a nitrogen base (adenine, thymine, guanine, cytosine, or uracil)
How are proteins built and what is their structure composition
specific order of amino acids in polypeptide. amino acids have directionality with an amino (NH2) terminus and a carboxyl (COOH) terminus. R group is categorized by chemical properties (hydrophobic, hydrophilic, or ionic)
How are complex carbohydrates built and what is their structural composition
sugar monomers
How are lipids built and what is their structure composition
phospholipids have polar regions and non-polar, often hydrophobic regions
What influences the structure and function of polymers
directionality of subcomponents
What are the influences of nucleic acids
linear sequence of nucleotides and ends defined by the 3’ hydroxyl and 5’ phosphates of the sugar
What are the influences of DNA
antiparallel double helix, strands running opposite 5’ to 3’, adenine nucleotides pair with thymine nucleotides via two hydrogen bonds, cytosine nucleotides pair with guanine nucleotides via three hydrogen bonds
What are the influences of proteins
linear chains of amino acids connected with covalent bonds at carboxyl terminus of peptide chain
What are the influences of carbohydrates
linear chains of sugar monomers connected with covalent bonds
What are the basic structural differences of DNA and RNA
DNA- deoxyribose sugar, thymine nucleotide, double-stranded
RNA- ribose sugar, uracil nucleotide, single-stranded
Note
Flashcard