American Imperialism Review

"You furnish the pictures and I'll furnish the war"

Boast made by William Randolph Hurst concerning his ability to move American public opinion to support war with Spain.

Valeriano Weyler

General sent by Spain to stop Cuban revolt, referred to as the "Butcher" because of harsh tactics "concentration camps, shooting civilian, ect.)

Sanford B. Dole

1894 wealthy, plantation owner and politician who was named President of New Republic of Hawaii. He asked US to annex Hawaii.

Open Door Notes

message send by secretary of state John Hay in 1899 to Germany, Russia, Great Britain, France, Italy & Japan asking the countries not to interfere with US trading rights in China.

Jose Marti

Cuban poet and journalist who organized a guerilla revolution against Spain in 1895- "Cuba Libre" free Cuba was his battle cry-and sought US support and intervention.

USS Maine

U.S. Battleship that exploded in Havana Harbor in 1898; Evidence suggests an internal explosion, however Spanish military was framed by Yellow Journalism; The incident was a catalyst for the Spanish American War

DeLome Letter

Considered a cause of the Spanish-American War - letter from the Spanish ambassador criticizing President McKinley which was published in the Hearst newspaper. (1898)

Foraker Act

gave the US direct control over and power to set up a government in Puerto Rico

Platt Amendment

Legislation that severely restricted Cuba's sovereignty and gave the US the right to intervene if Cuba got into trouble

Guantanamo Bay

Under the 1903 Cuban-American Treaty, United States were granted a perpetual lease of a base in Cuba, that is still in use today.

Alfred T. Mahan

Author who argued in 1890 that the economic future of the United States rested on new overseas markets protected by a larger navy. Wrote "The Influence of Sea Power Upon History"

Queen Liliuokalani

the Hawaiian queen who was forced out of power by a revolution started by American business interests

Yellow Journalism

Journalism that exploits, distorts, or exaggerates the news to create sensations and attract readers

Emilio Aguinaldo

Leader of the Filipino independence movement against Spain (1895-1898). He proclaimed the independence of the Philippines in 1899, but his movement was crushed and he was captured by the United States Army in 1901.

Open Door Policy

A policy proposed by the US in 1899, under which ALL nations would have equal opportunities to trade in China.

Boxer Rebellion

A 1900 Uprising in China aimed at ending foreign influence in the country.

Big Stick Diplomacy

Diplomatic policy developed by T.R where the "big stick" symbolizes his power and readiness to use military force if necessary. It is a way of intimidating countries without actually harming them and was the basis of U.S. imperialistic foreign policy.

Puerto Rico, Guam, Philippines

as a result of the Spanish-American war, the US acquired these 3 overseas colonies

William McKinley

25th president responsible for Spanish-American War, Philippine-American War, and the Annexation of Hawaii, imperialism. Is assassinated by an anarchist

American Imperialism

1. Desire for military strength
2. Thirst for new markets
3. Belief in cultural superiority

Annexation

The adding of a region to the territory of an existing political unit

Monroe Doctrine

an American foreign policy opposing interference in the Western hemisphere from outside powers

Treaty of Paris 1898

(WMc) , The treaty that concluded the Spanish American War. From the treaty America got Guam, Puerto Rico and they paid 20 million dollars for the Philipines. Cuba was freed from Spain.

Missionary Diplomacy

Woodrow Wilson's idea of the United States' moral responsibility to deny recognition to any government that was viewed as hostile to American interests.

Sussex Pledge

A promise Germany made to America, after Wilson threatened to sever ties, to stop sinking their ships without warning.

Selective Service Act

Law passed by Congress in 1917 that required all men from ages 21 to 30 to register for the military draft

Committee on Public Information

WWI Propaganda agency

Espionage and Sedition Acts

laws that enacted harsh punishments against anyone who opposed participation in the war

Panama Canal

a ship canal 40 miles long across the Isthmus of Panama, built by the U.S. (1904-1914)

Lusitania

American boat that was sunk by the German U-boats; made America consider entering WWI

Propaganda

Ideas spread to influence public opinion for or against a cause.

industrial war

WW1 was the first to use new weapons/tactics which resulted in more deaths; a new type of warfare

Western Front

deadlocked region in northern France

Zimmerman Note

Message proposing an alliance between Germany and Mexico

War Industries Board

Agency established during WWI to increase efficiency & discourage waste in war-related industries.

War Bonds

Certificates sold by the United States government to pay for the war.

Flu Pandemic of 1918

Worldwide flu epidemic killing as many as 30 million people (23% of world's population)

Wilson’s Fourteen Points

A series of proposals in which U.S. president Woodrow Wilson outlined a plan for achieving a lasting peace after World War I.

League of Nations

an international organization formed in 1920 to promote cooperation and peace among nations

Treaty of Versailles

Treaty particularly known for its harsh reparations towards the Germans after World War I.

War Guilt Clause

In treaty of Versailles; declared germany and austria responsible for WWI; ordered Germany to pay reparation to Allied powers

The Great White Fleet

1907-1909 - Roosevelt sent the Navy on a world tour to show the world the U.S. naval power. Also to pressure Japan into the "Gentlemen's Agreement."

Protectorate

A country whose affairs are partially controlled by a stronger power.

Philippine-American War

Armed conflict between the Philippines and the United States from 1899-1902. It was a continuation of the Philippine struggle for independence. The Philippines declared war on the US and it became a savage conflict with guerilla warfare. Villages were destroyed, civilians were murdered, and prisoners were tortured. The war ended when Aguinaldo surrendered in 1902.

Nationalism

A strong feeling of pride in and devotion to one's country. Can be a negative when nations over estimate their strength and do not respect other nations.

Militarism

A policy of glorifying military power and keeping a standing army always prepared for war

Alliances of WWI

A grouping of nations where each one pledges mutual support to the others. The formation of alliances was an underlying cause of WWI. This caused WWI because the conflict originally involved between two countries were likely to involve many more countries due to the alliance.

The Great Migration

movement of over 300,000 African American from the rural south into Northern cities between 1914 and 1920

Shell Shock

Medical condition caused by prolonged exposure to the distressing experiences of trench warfare.

Schleiffen Plan (1914)

GERMAN PLAN
QUICKLY INVADE AND DESTROY FRANCE TURNING EAST TO FIGHT RUSSIA

Stalemate on the Western Front

trench warfare/new technology led to many casualties and little offensive movements (a tie) on the battlegrounds between France and Germany during WWI

War of Attrition

A war based on wearing the other side down by constant attacks and heavy losses

Moral Diplomacy

Foreign policy proposed by President Wilson to condemn imperialism, spread democracy, and promote peace

Henry Cabot Lodge

Chairman of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee, he was a leader in the fight against participation in the League of Nations

Reparations

As part of the Treaty of Versailles, Germany was ordered to pay fines to the Allies to repay the costs of the war. Opposed by the U.S., it quickly lead to a severe depression in Germany.

Unrestricted Submarine Warfare

A policy that the Germans announced on January 1917 which stated that their submarines would sink any ship in the British waters

Convoy System

the protection of merchant ships from U-boat-German submarine-attacks by having the ships travel in large groups escorted by warships

American Expeditionary Force

the U.S. forces who fought with the allies in Europe during WWI

Self-determination 

The right of people to choose their own form of government. Includes a belief that this will lessen the risk of war by making leaders accountable to their people.