Programming Basics and Concepts

Flashcards covering key terminology and definitions in programming concepts.

Variable

Stores data.

Constant

Value that doesn’t change.

Integer

Whole number.

String

Text data.

Boolean

True/False.

=

Assignment operator.

==

Comparison operator.

Concatenation

Joining strings.

Input

Data entered by user.

Output

Data displayed.

Selection

Decision making.

IF Statement

Runs code if condition is true.

ELSE

Runs if IF condition is false.

ELIF

Another condition.

Iteration

Looping.

FOR Loop

Fixed loop.

WHILE Loop

Condition loop.

Infinite Loop

Loop that never ends.

Loop Counter

Tracks number of loops.

Nested Loop

A loop inside another loop.

List

Collection of items.

Index

Position in list.

First Index

0 (the first position in a list).

Append

Add an item to a list.

Remove

Delete an item from a list.

Length

Number of items in a list.

2D List

A list that contains other lists.

Mutable

Can change.

Immutable

Cannot change.

File

Stored data.

Read Mode

Mode 'r' for reading files.

Write Mode

Mode 'w' for writing files.

Append Mode

Mode 'a' for adding data to a file.

Why Use Files?

To save data.

Close File

Free resources after file use.

File Path

Location of a file.

CSV File

Comma-separated values file.

Text File

Plain text file.

Overwriting

Replacing existing data.

Normal Test

Valid input during testing.

Boundary Test

Testing edge values.

Erroneous Test

Testing with invalid input.

Test Plan

A table of tests.

Expected Result

Predicted outcome of a test.

Actual Result

Real outcome after execution.

Debugging

Fixing errors in code.

Syntax Error

A mistake in the code structure.

Logic Error

Causes wrong output.

Runtime Error

Causes program to crash during execution.

Presence Check

Verifying data is not empty.

Range Check

Verifying data is within limits.

Type Check

Verifying the correct data type.

Length Check

Verifying the data length.

Format Check

Verifying the data matches a correct pattern.

Why Validate?

To prevent errors in data.

Invalid Input

Data that is not correct.

Sanitisation

Cleaning data.

Verification

Checking accuracy of data.

Flowchart

A diagram representing logic.

Pseudocode

Written logic representing code.

Algorithm

Step-by-step solution to a problem.

Decision Symbol

Diamond shape in flowcharts.

Process Symbol

Rectangle shape in flowcharts.

Input/Output Symbol

Parallelogram shape in flowcharts.

Why Design?

To plan before coding.

Structure Chart

A breakdown of the system.

Top-Down Design

Breaking down a system from big to small.

Decomposition

Breaking a problem into smaller parts.

UI

User Interface, the layout users interact with.

UX

User Experience, overall experience of a user.

Accessibility

Making sure all users can interact easily.

Consistency

Uniform layout throughout an application.

Navigation

How easily users can move through a system.

Feedback

The response given to the user.

Input Field

Area for data entry.

Button

Trigger for an action.

Wireframe

Design layout representation.

Responsive Design

Adaptable layout on different devices.

Evaluation

Judging the solution's effectiveness.

Functional Requirements

What the system must do.

Non-functional Requirements

Performance and security metrics.

Limitation

Weakness of the solution.

Improvement

Enhancement or better version.

User Feedback

Opinions from users.

Efficiency

Speed and resource usage.

Maintainability

Ease of fixing the solution.

Scalability

Capability of growth.

Reliability

Consistency of performance.

Authentication

Process of logging in.

Encryption

Securing data.

Data Privacy

Protection of information.

Backup

Copying data for safety.

Cloud Storage

Online data storage.

API

Application Programming Interface, connects systems.

IDE

Integrated Development Environment, coding software.

Compiler

Converts source code into executable.

Interpreter

Runs code line by line.

Version Control

Tracks changes made in the code.