Unit 4.1 - 4.3 Quiz Study Guide

Flashcards covering key psychological concepts from Units 4.1 to 4.3.

Altruism

A prosocial, motivational state with the ultimate goal of increasing another person’s welfare, typically without expectation of external reward or recognition.

Conformity

The act of aligning one's attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors to match those of a group.

Mere Exposure Effect

A psychological phenomenon where repeated exposure to stimuli increases their attraction.

Groupthink

A mode of thinking that occurs when the desire for harmony in a decision-making group overrides realistic appraisal of alternatives.

Fundamental Attribution Error

The tendency to attribute the behavior of others to internal disposition rather than to situations.

Belief Perseverance

The tendency to cling to one's initial beliefs even when presented with contradicting evidence.

Confirmation Bias

The human tendency to search for, interpret, favor, and recall information that confirms one’s pre-existing beliefs.

Central Route of Persuasion

A method of persuasion that uses facts, details, and logic to change people's attitudes.

Peripheral Route of Persuasion

A method of persuasion that changes attitudes by using emotional cues rather than facts.

External Locus of Control

The belief that fate is controlled by external factors.

Internal Locus of Control

The belief that one has control over their own fate.

Just-World Hypothesis

The cognitive bias that assumes the world is inherently fair, and individuals get what they deserve.

Deindividuation

The loss of self-awareness and self-restraint in group situations that foster arousal and anonymity.

Social Facilitation

The phenomenon where individuals perform better on tasks in the presence of others.

Social Loafing

The tendency for individuals to exert less effort when working in a group toward a common goal.

Group Polarization

The process in which group discussion strengthens a group's prevailing attitudes.

Halo Effect

A cognitive bias where a person's positive traits are assumed based on their physical attractiveness.

Reciprocity Norm

The expectation that we should return help to those who have helped us.

Bystander Effect

The tendency for bystanders to be less likely to give aid when other bystanders are present.

In-group

People with whom one shares a common identity.

Out-group

Those perceived as different from one’s in-group.

In-Group Bias

The tendency to favor one’s own group over others.