Lab 3 - Introduction to CVS

Will sound be heard when pressure in the sphygomanometer cuff is between systolic and diastolic pressure?

Yes, indicating turbulent blood flow

Laminar flow

Blood flowing through a vessel unobstructed, moving smoothly and silently

Turbulent flow

Blood flowing rapidly and irregularly, causing sound and increased resistance.

In ausculation, the pressure at which you first hear Korotkoff sounds is

Systolic blood pressure

In ausculation, the pressure at which you last hear Korotkoff sounds is

diastolic blood pressure

What blood pressure indicates hypotension?

Less than 90 (systolic) mmHg / 60 (diastolic) mmHg

What is optimal blood presure for adults under 65

Less than 120/80 mmHg

Blood pressure readings between 120/80 to 139/89 are

Normal to high-normal

What is considered high blood pressure

140/90 mmHg and above

Why is blood pressure higher in males?

Increased muscle mass and androgen levels

Does the ausculation method always give a more accurate measure of systolic pressure?

No, it depends on how noisy the environment is. Otherwise, it tends to be more sensitive and accurate than palpation method.

Using a cuff that is too small for patients, systolic and diastolic pressure will be…

Falsely high

Using a cuff that is too large for the patient, systolic and diastolic pressure will be…

Falsely low

Applying the cuff too loosely over the upper arms leads to readings…

Falsely high

Applying the cuff so that it is positioned laterally will lead readings to be…

Falsely high

Why are blood pressure readings falsely low if the patient’s arm is raised above the level of the heart?

Raising the arm will result in less blood in the arm due to a gravitational effect

If a patient’s arm is lowered below the level of the heart, systolic and diastolic pressure will be …

Falsely high

If you deflate the cuff pressure too quickly, what happens?

The systolic pressure will be underestimated and diastolic pressure will be overestimated

Mean arterial pressure

Average pressure throughout the cardiac cycle (one beat of the heart)

What is the equation to estimate mean arterial pressure?

MAP = diastolic pressure + 1/3 pulse pressure

Pulse pressure equation

Pulse pressure = systolic pressure - diastolic pressure

Do both the atrioventricular and semilunar valves have chordae tendinae

No, only the atrioventricular valves do

Can the moderator band only be seen in the right ventricle?

Yes

Is there a structural difference in the atrioventricular valves in the left and right heart?

Yes, the left atrioventricular valve (mitral) has two leaflets, while the right (tricuspid) has three.

The tricuspid and mitral valves are?

Types of atrioventricular valves

Do the semilunar valves in the left and right heart contain three cusps?

Yes, both the aortic and pulmonary semilunar valves have three cusps.

Where does the tricuspid valve prevent backflow to?

From the right ventricle to the right atrium

Atrioventricular valves are open during ___ and closed during ___

Diastole; systole

Which ventricle is thicker - left or right?

Left ventricle

Primary function of moderator band?

Convey conducting fibres to the anterior papillary muscle