Apush Unit 5

Stephen A. Douglas

A moderate, who introduced the Kansas-Nebraska Act in 1854 and popularized the idea of popular sovereignty.

Popular Sovereignty

The doctrine that stated that the people of a territory had the right to decide their own laws by voting. In the Kansas-Nebraska Act, this would decide whether a territory allowed slavery.

36-30' Line

According to the Missouri Compromise (1820), slavery was forbidden in the Louisiana territory north of the a certain latitude. This was nullified by the Kansas-Nebraska Act.

Bleeding Kansas

aka Kansas Border War. Following the passage of the Kansas-Nebraska Act, pro-slavery forces from Missouri, known as the Border Ruffians, crossed the border into Kansas and terrorized and murdered antislavery settlers. Antislavery sympathizers from Kansas carried out reprisal attacks, the most notorious of which was John Brown's 1856 attack on the settlement at Pottawatomie Creek. The war continued for four years before the antislavery forces won. The violence it generated helped precipitate the Civil War.

John Brown's Raid

In 1859, amilitant abolitionist seized the U.S. arsenal at Harper's Ferry. He planned to end slavery by massacring slave owners and freeing their slaves. He was captured and executed. What was this called?

Sumner-Brooks Affair

This was an affair whenBrooks beat Sumner over the head with his cane, severely crippling him after giving an offensive speech on the Senate floor.

Dred Scott Decision

What decision involved a Missouri slave sued for his freedom, claiming that his four year stay in the northern portion of the Louisiana Territory made free land by the Missouri Compromise had made him a free man. The U.S, Supreme Court decided he couldn't sue in federal court because he was property, not a citizen.

Lincoln-Douglas debates

A series of seven debates. The two argued the important issues of the day like popular sovereignty, the Lecompton Constitution and the Dred Scott decision. One of the two won these debates, but the other's position in these debates helped him win in the 1860 presidential election.

Election of 1860

What election had these candidates: Stephen Douglas (northern Dem.), John C. Beckinridge (southern Dem.), Lincoln (Rep.), John Bell (Constitutional Union)- Lincoln wins.

Republican Party

What party in 1860 had the follow - platform: free soil principles, a protective tariff. Supporters: anti-slavers, business, agriculture. Leaders: William M. Seward, Carl Shulz.

James Buchanan

15th president; bleeding Kansas, John Brown's Raid, Dred Scott Case, South Seceded from Union, took no action- left it for Lincoln

Delaware, Maryland, Kentucky and Missouri

These were the four states that bordered the North. They were slave states, but did not secede.

South

Who had these following advantages during the Civil War: Large land areas with long coasts, could afford to lose battles, and could export cotton for money. They were fighting a defensive war and only needed to keep the enemies out of their states to win. Also had the nation's best military leaders, and most of the existing military equipment and supplies.

North

Who had these following advantages during the Civil War: Larger numbers of troops, superior navy, better transportation, overwhelming financial and industrial reserves to create munitions and supplies, which eventually outstripped the enemy's initial material advantage.

Fort Sumter

First shots of the Civil War took place here in Charleston harbor in South Carolina. It became a symbol of the South's rebellion against the federal government. What Fort was this?

Dred Scott v. Sandford

A Missouri slave sued for his freedom, claiming that his four year stay in the northern portion of the Louisiana Territory made free land by the Missouri Compromise had made him a free man. The U.S, Supreme Court decided he couldn't sue in federal court because he was property, not a citizen.

Compromise of 1850

Series of legislation addressing slavery and the boundaries of territories acquired during the Mexican-American War. California was admitted as a free state, Texas received financial compensation for relinquishing claim to lands West of the Rio Grande river, the territory of New Mexico was organized with popular sovereignty, the slave trade was abolished in Washington, D.C., and the Fugitive Slave Law was passed.

The Fugitive Slave Act

A law making it a crime to help runaway slaves. If caught could face up to 6 months in prison and a $1000 dollar fine. Commissioners 10 dollars right slave $5 dollars wrong slave.

personal liberty laws

The laws were designed to protect free blacks, freedmen, and fugitive slaves by effectively nullifying the Fugitive Slave Law without actually invoking the doctrine of nullification, which is unconstitutional.

Uncle Tom's Cabin

A novel published by Harriet Beecher Stowe in 1852 which partrayed/ exposed slavery as brutal and immoral

Kansas Nebraska Act

This Act set up Kansas and Nebraska as states. Each state would use popular sovereignty to decide what to do about slavery. People who were pro-slavery and antislavery moved to Kansas, but some antislavery settlers were against the Act. This began guerrilla warfare.

Border Ruffians

pro-slavery Missourians who traveled in armed groups to vote in Kansas' election during the mid-1850's, in order to make it a pro-slavery government

Republican Party

One of the two major American political parties. It emerged in the 1850s as an antislavery party and consisted of former northern Whigs and antislavery Democrats.

Freeport Doctrine

Doctrine developed by Stephen Douglas that said the exclusion of slavery in a territory could be determined by the refusal of the voters to enact any laws that would protect slave property. It was unpopular with Southerners, and thus cost him the election.

Virginia, North Carolina, Tennessee, and Arkansas

These four states seceded from the Union in response to Lincoln's actions involving Fort Sumter

Missouri, Kentucky, Maryland, Delaware, and West Virginia

4 and 1/2 states that Stayed in the union, which gave 45% more popular vote and military manpower, it was also symbolic for pwning the Confederates because they'd be forced to secede.

Franklin Pierce

14th president of the US; favored the Kansas-Nebraska Act

Wilmot Proviso

Bill that would ban slavery in the territories acquired after the War with Mexico