International Relations: States, Sovereignty, and Global Systems

multi-polarity

Two or more states have balance of power in international order

secessionist

type of civil war, separating from government

Multilateral

states working together

WTO

born from general agreement on trade and tariffs, multilateral and non-exclusion deals with global trade

globalization

lowering of barriers to trade and capital mobility

Terrorism

no universal agreed-apon definition but the deliberate creation and exploitation of fear through violence/threat of violence in pursuit of policial change (Bruce Hoffman)

tragedy of commons

over-exploiting common goods until it runs out, collective action problems, each actor wants to take as much of resource as it can

State

Max weber; institution that has a monopoly on the use of violence within a terriority. Canada USA France Mexico POLITICAL UNITS

Nation

group of people that share a collective history and culture, have a shared association to a terriority and solidarity NOT POLITICAL

soverignty

the right/authority for a state to govern itself and conduct affairs, recognize other sovereign states

International systems

Global system; but other actors such as international institutions, international corps, trrrorists, unrecognized states

self-determination

Nations should have control over their political fate

Collective security

All states agree to provide security against aggressors and come to aid of states that are threatened or fall victim to aggression-BACKED BY VERSAILIES AND THE LEAGUE OF NATIONS

Scramble for Africa

imperalism era, invasion and colonization of africa. Split up Africa for increased reduce access

balance of power

augmenting power on shifting sides to keep states in check and balance power from one state to another

League of Nations

FDR first try at uniting countries, combined collective security, self determination, and very idealized pov of international order, KEEP PEACE AND PREVENT WARS

Keynesian economics

In response to Great Depression, government spending and lower taxes when market is lower, when market is booming, opposite effects.

Smoot-Hawley Act

The Smoot-Hawley Tariff Act of 1930 raised U.S. tariffs on thousands of imported goods to protect American farmers and industries from foreign competition during the early Great Depression. However, it sparked retaliatory tariffs from other nations, leading to a sharp decline in international trade, causing the worsening of Great depressesion

Bipolarity

2 spheres of influence/2 major powers/2 poles control international order

the long telegram

Telegram sent from George Kennan to the USA outlining the policy of containment of soviets instead of communism.

cold war

No actual war, but Period of Bipolarity and Cuban missle crisis, period of tension as two powers with contrasting ideologies.

Spheres of influence

ability to influence spheres to adopt an ideology (US v.s USSR)

containment

What USA did during Cold War, and what George Keenan suggested in the long telegram. Competing ideologies

Unipolar moment

The us liberal democracy is the "end of history" (FUKYAMA), one state be balanced by another, we are in it now, POST CIVIL WAR

End of History

Story written by Fuykuma suggesting western liberal democracy is the endpoint of humanity's ideological evolution and the final form of human government. No other ideological competition after Soviet's fall

International order

Realitvely stable global powers of relations; UN, world bank, IMF

territorial intergrity

States respect other states borders (anti-conquest)

Natural law

Laws conferred by nature/god and reason/universal principals EX: UN declaration of human rights

Positive law

practical solutions for international issues. Not a right its an agreement between parties

UN security counsil

USA, RUSSIA, UK, CHINA, FRANCE, 10 ROTATING

UN general assembly

all countries recognized as sovereign states with full membership status

Interstate war

war between states

Intrastate War

War within a state

centerseeking

fighting for control over center of power, regime change

Nationalism

political principles holds national and political unit should be congruent

cosmopolitianism

Citizens of the world in a more imagined sense

non-exclusion: on a global scale-no special agreements-must apply to all states

comparative advantage

when states produce their speciality with the lowest opportunity cost

mercantilism

economic policy focused on dementia growth through protectionism

International Monetary Fund (IMF). World bank

help states with money, bank for the staes

strategy of punishment

gradual increase costs to society and aim to change their preferences

propoganda of the deed

preforming terrorist act and claiming it publically is part of spreading awareness of cause

strategic model (Robert Pape)

demonstration and coercion to compel someone to change behavior

Natural systems (Max Abraham's)

terrorists act for social/personal reasons, not always guided by logic of consequences

common goods

non excludable but exhaustible resources (forests, fisheries)

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