period 6 vocabulary

transcontinental railroad

a continous rail line constructed between omana,nebraska and san fransisco bay california

barbed wire

it is a type of fencing material that consists of wire with sharp barbad regular interval ,to prevent animal crossing

homestead act

a law that encouraged farming on the great plains by offering 160 arcs of public land free to any family settled for 5 years

national garange movement

it is a farmer organization, which aimed to promote the social and economic interest of farmer.

reservation system

they are designated areas of land set aside by the federal government for native american tribes

ghost dance movement

it was a spiritual and religious rival that emerged among native american tribes in response to traumatic effect on westward expansion.

daws severalty(1887)

Act was significant piece of legislation aimed at assilating native american into american society by allocating them individual plots of land and us citizen

santa fe trail

a trail that extend from missouri to new mexico,it is an important route for settlers moving west in the 19th century.

sierra club

An organization founded in 1892 that was dedicated to the enjoyment and preservation of America's great mountains (including the Sierra Nevadas) and wilderness environments

tenant farmers

Tenant farming is an agricultural system where individuals rent land to cultivate crops, rather than owning the land themselves.

George Washington Carver

african american scientist who is most known for his groundbreaking research on peanuts and sweet potatoes, promoting alternative crops

plessy v. ferguson

legally upholding racial segregative through the “seperate but edual doctrine”

tammany hall

started as social clubs and later developed into power centers to coordinate the needs of business, immigrants.

settlement houses

living there ,the younger farmers hoped to relieve the effects of poverty by provicting social services for people in the neighbours.

philanthropy

projects to help other members of society to better themselves and in turn improve society.

social gospel

a religious movement that aimed to apply christian ethinics to social problems particularly issue like poverty inequality and labor rights

National American Women’s suffrage Association

susan B. Anthony founded to secure the vote for women.(also founded by elizabeth cady)

Women’s Christistian Temperance union

for excessive drinking alchol by male factory workers creating poverty for immigrant and working class family

interstate commerce act of 1887

it was significant piece of legislation aimed at regulating the railroad industry and its monopoly practices

serman antitrust

which prohibited any contract,combination in the form of trust or otherwise or conspiracy in restraint of trade or commerce.

pendleton act of 1881

set up the civil service commision and create a system y which applients for classified federal jobs would selected on the basis of their sconson a competitive examination

omaha platform

political manifesto of the populist party outlining the demands and principle in response to the struggle of farmer and labors

cross of gold

speech by william jenning bryan at the democratic nation convention ,advocating for the free coinage of silver.

populists

, was a political movement in the late 19th century that sought to represent the interests of farmers and laborers against the elites and established political powers.

william McKinley

best known for his support of a high protective of tariff but also known as friends of labor

jim crow laws

this law enforces racial segregation and disenchised african american in south u.s

literacy tests

this aimed at disenfranchising african american voters

poll taxes

this fee was required to be paid in order to vote used as a tool to disenfranc low income african

Ida B. Wells

-born enslave

-anti-lunching compaign

-editor of memphis free speech

Booker T.Washington

-Atlanta Compromise

-Establish turege Institution

-believed African American Should focus on their jobs

W.E.B DuBois

influencial african american scholar ,civil rights activist and co-founder of NAACP

Bessemer process

process of making quality steel by blasting air through molten iron produces high quality steel

lightbulb

Edison’s improvement to the incandescent lamp.

first practical electric lightbulb

skyscraper

A tall building made with steel skeleton,a ten story building by william le baron

Andrew Caregie

Born in 1835 in scotland, Carnegie immigrated to the united states and worked his way up to poverty to become super inted.

John D.Rockefeller

Founded a company that would quickly eliminate its competition.take control of most of the nation’s oil refiners

monopoly

a company that dominates a market so much that it faces little or competition from other companies

Laissez-Faire

the prevailing economic, scientific and religious belief of late 19th century led by people to reject government regulation business

Social Darwinism

the belief that darwins idea of natural section and survival of the fitest should be applied to the market place

labor union

first attempt to organize all worker-skilled and unskilled,agriculture and industry .goal was high wage and eight hour a day

knight of labor

second national labor union, secrat society in order to avoid detection by employers

american federation of labor

Th was a national federation of labor unions in the United States founded in 1886. It focused on organizing skilled workers and advocating for their rights, emphasizing practical goals such as higher wages, shorter working hours, and better working conditions by smul gomper

pullman strike

even more alarming to conservatives was a strike started by workers living in the george pullman’s company town near chicago

push factors

negetive factors from which people are fleeing to u.s

pull factor

positive factors that attract of the adopted country

old immigrants

they were protestants their language and high level education monstly from irish and germany

new immigrants

come from southern or eastern europe and asia were poor and illitrate peasants

tenement apartment

to increase their profits land or divided up inner-city ,housing into small window less rooms

ethinic neighborhoods

where each group could maintain its own language,churture,church or tenple and scial club

chinese exclusion act

act which banned all new immigrants from china

political machines

many cities ,politicians ,welcomed newly immigrants to gain loyalty in future election