Political Participation in U.S. Government and Politics

These flashcards cover essential concepts about political participation, voter behavior, political parties, campaign finance, and the role of media in U.S. politics.

What are the key voting rights protections delineated in the Constitution and federal legislation?

The Fifteenth, Seventeenth, Nineteenth, Twenty-Fourth, and Twenty-Sixth Amendments expand opportunities for political participation.

What does the Rational Choice model of voting behavior suggest?

Voters choose based on what is perceived to be in their individual interest.

What is Retrospective Voting?

Voting to decide whether the party or candidate in power should be reelected based on their recent past performance.

What factors can predict differences in voter turnout in the U.S.?

Structural barriers, political efficacy, and demographics.

What influences voter choice in elections?

Party identification, candidate characteristics, contemporary political issues, and demographic characteristics such as gender, race, and religious beliefs.

What are Linkage Institutions in political participation?

Channels such as parties, interest groups, elections, and media that allow individuals to communicate their preferences to policymakers.

What are the functions of political parties?

Mobilization and education of voters, party platforms, candidate recruitment, and campaign management.

How do political parties adapt and change?

By modifying policies and messaging to appeal to various demographic coalitions, and adapting to candidate-centered campaigns.

What structural barriers affect third-party and independent candidates?

Winner-take-all voting districts and the incorporation of third-party agendas into major party platforms.

How do interest groups influence policy making?

By educating voters, lobbying, drafting legislation, and building relationships with lawmakers.

What is the 'Free Rider' problem in politics?

A situation where individuals benefit from resources or services without paying for them, impacting group influence.

What is the effect of the Electoral College on U.S. presidential elections?

It raises questions about whether it facilitates or impedes democracy due to its winner-take-all allocation of votes.

Why are campaign finance laws important?

They highlight the ongoing debate over the role of money in political speech and fair elections.

How does media serve as a linkage institution?

Media influences how citizens acquire political information and engage in the political process.

What challenges do political parties face with modern campaigns?

High costs, dependence on professional consultants, and the impact of social media on campaigning.