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Water Cycle
The process in which water moves through the ground, evaporates from the Earth to the air, forms clouds, and falls back to Earth.
Evaporation
The change of a liquid to a gas because water was heated
Condensation
The change of state from a gas to a liquid
Precipitation
Any form of water that falls from clouds and reaches Earth's surface as rain, snow, sleet, or hail.
Runoff
Precipitation that flows across the land's surface or falls into rivers and streams
Transpiration
Loss of water from a plant through its leaves
Biotic
Living parts of an ecosystem
Abiotic
All of the non-living parts of an ecosystem.
Matter
Anything that has mass and takes up space
Physical Change
A change of matter from one form to another without a change in chemical properties.
Chemical Change
A change in which one or more substances are converted into different substances
Convection Cell
A circular pattern of air rising, air sinking, and wind.
Conduction
Heat transfer by direct contact
Convection
The transfer of heat by the movement of a fluid
Thermal Energy
Relating to heat
Conductor
A material that allows heat and electricity to pass through it.
Radiation
The transfer of energy through space (no touching)
Heat Transfer
the movement of energy from a warmer object to a cooler object
Insulator
a material that keeps heat in
Jet Stream
Bands of high-speed winds about 10 kilometers above Earth's surface-brings our weather
Anemometer
An instrument used to measure wind speed
Rain Gauge
An instrument used to measure precipitation.
Wind Vane
Instrument used to measure wind direction
Air Pressure
The measure of the force with which air molecules push on a surface
Cirrus
Wispy, feathery clouds made of ice crystals that form at high levels.
Temperature
A measure of how hot or cold something is.
Barometer
An instrument that measures atmospheric pressure
Hemisphere
Half of the earth
Thermometer
An instrument used to measure temperature
Stratus
Clouds that form in flat layers and often cover much of the sky.
Cumulus
Fluffy, white clouds, usually with flat bottoms, that look like rounded piles of cotton.
Cumulonimbus
A type of cumulus cloud that is tall and gray, and associated with thunderstorms.
La Nina
A climate event in the eastern Pacific Ocean in which surface waters are colder than normal.
El Nino
A warm ocean current that flows along the coast of Peru every seven to fourteen years
Newton's 1st Law of Motion
An object in motion will stay in motion unless a force acts on it. An object at rest will stay in rest unless a force acts on it. (No Net Force)
Newton's 2nd Law Of Motion
The acceleration of an object depends on the mass of the object and the amount of force applied.
Gravity
A force that pulls objects toward the Earth
Friction
A force that opposes the motion of objects that touch as they move past each other
Mass
The amount of matter in an object
Force
A push or pull exerted on an object
Motion
Movement
Acceleration
A change in speed or direction
Velocity
Speed in a given direction
Inertia
The tendency of an object to resist a change in motion
Speed
______=Distance/Time
Newton's 3rd Law Of Motion
For every action there is an equal and opposite reaction
Multicellular Organisms
Consisting of many cells
Skeletal System
Gives shape and support to the body; protects organs; produces red blood cells.
Esophagus
A muscular tube that connects the mouth to the stomach.
Unicellular Organisms
Living things made up of only one cell
Circulatory System
The body system responsible for carrying materials through out the body;
Major organs include heart & blood vessels
Muscular System
This system is primarily responsible for internal and external movement of the body;
Major organs include skeletal muscles, smooth muscles, and cardiac muscles
Digestive System
The body system the breaks down food and absorbs nutrients
Cell
The smallest unit of life
Organs
A structure consisting of several tissues adapted as a group to perform specific functions.
Tissues
Groups of similar cells that perform a specific function in an organism
Organisms
Any form of life
Stomach
A large muscular sac that continues the mechanical and chemical digestion of food
Muscles
Smooth, cardiac, skeletal
Arteries
Blood vessels that take oxygen to the body (away from the heart)
Respiratory System
What system? Nose, trachea, lungs
Nervous System
What system? Brain, spinal cord, nerves
Heart
A hollow, muscular organ that pumps blood throughout the body
Lungs
Bring oxygen into the body and remove carbon dioxide and some water waste from the body
Trachea
A tube in the throat in which carries air to the lungs (windpipe)
Bones
Acts as framework for the body, protects the internal organs, and stores the mineral calcium
Spinal Cord
Nerves that run up and down the length of the back and transmit most of the messages between the body and the brain
Brain
Control center of the nervous system
Blood
A fluid that circulates in the heart, arteries, capillaries, and veins
Nose
The body's primary organ of smell and also functions as part of the body's respiratory system
Mouth
Where digestion begins
Nerves
Get messages to other parts of the body
Skeletal System
What System? Bones
Veins
Blood vessels that carry blood back to the heart
Inherited Traits
traits that are passed from parents to their offspring
Offspring
Children or young of a person, animal, or plant
Learned Behavior
A behavior that is learned from another organism
Population
A group of individuals of the same species that live in the same area
Heredity
Passing of traits from parents to offspring
Acquired Traits
Learned behaviors; Skills that you learn to do or develop during your life time
Trait
A characteristic that an organism can pass on to its offspring through its genes.
Adaptation
A change an organism undergoes in order to survive
Terrestrial
A term that describes an organism associated with a land environment.
Aquatic
A term that describes an organism associated with a water environment.
Estuary
A habitat in which the fresh water of a river meets the salt water of the ocean.
Deciduous Forest
A forest biome with many kinds of trees that loose their leaves each autumn
Rain Forest
A biome characterized by high levels of precipitation and warm temperatures year-round.
Oceans
Are the largest bodies of salt water between the continents; there are 4 oceans- cover 70% of the Earth.
Grasslands
A biome with tall grass, humid and very wet or short grass with a dry and hot summer and cold winters. Does not have many trees.
Lakes
Bodies of water surrounded by land
Ponds
Freshwater bodies smaller than lakes.
Plankton
Microscopic organisms that live in aquatic environments.
Food Chain
A diagram that uses arrows to show the flow of food and energy from one organism to another in an ecosystem.
Energy Pyramid
Shows the amount of energy that is available to pass from one level of the food chain to the next.
Producer
An organism that uses an outside energy source, such as the sun, and produces its own food.
Consumer
An organism that cannot make its own food and gets energy by eating other organisms.
Decomposer
An organism that breaking down the remains of dead organisms or animal wastes - bacteria, fungi, moss, lichen, mushrooms.
Photosynthesis
The process by which plants use light energy from the sun to change carbon dioxide and water into sugar and oxygen.
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