5th Grade Science Review

Water Cycle

The process in which water moves through the ground, evaporates from the Earth to the air, forms clouds, and falls back to Earth.

Evaporation

The change of a liquid to a gas because water was heated

Condensation

The change of state from a gas to a liquid

Precipitation

Any form of water that falls from clouds and reaches Earth's surface as rain, snow, sleet, or hail.

Runoff

Precipitation that flows across the land's surface or falls into rivers and streams

Transpiration

Loss of water from a plant through its leaves

Biotic

Living parts of an ecosystem

Abiotic

All of the non-living parts of an ecosystem.

Matter

Anything that has mass and takes up space

Physical Change

A change of matter from one form to another without a change in chemical properties.

Chemical Change

A change in which one or more substances are converted into different substances

Convection Cell

A circular pattern of air rising, air sinking, and wind.

Conduction

Heat transfer by direct contact

Convection

The transfer of heat by the movement of a fluid

Thermal Energy

Relating to heat

Conductor

A material that allows heat and electricity to pass through it.

Radiation

The transfer of energy through space (no touching)

Heat Transfer

the movement of energy from a warmer object to a cooler object

Insulator

a material that keeps heat in

Jet Stream

Bands of high-speed winds about 10 kilometers above Earth's surface-brings our weather

Anemometer

An instrument used to measure wind speed

Rain Gauge

An instrument used to measure precipitation.

Wind Vane

Instrument used to measure wind direction

Air Pressure

The measure of the force with which air molecules push on a surface

Cirrus

Wispy, feathery clouds made of ice crystals that form at high levels.

Temperature

A measure of how hot or cold something is.

Barometer

An instrument that measures atmospheric pressure

Hemisphere

Half of the earth

Thermometer

An instrument used to measure temperature

Stratus

Clouds that form in flat layers and often cover much of the sky.

Cumulus

Fluffy, white clouds, usually with flat bottoms, that look like rounded piles of cotton.

Cumulonimbus

A type of cumulus cloud that is tall and gray, and associated with thunderstorms.

La Nina

A climate event in the eastern Pacific Ocean in which surface waters are colder than normal.

El Nino

A warm ocean current that flows along the coast of Peru every seven to fourteen years

Newton's 1st Law of Motion

An object in motion will stay in motion unless a force acts on it. An object at rest will stay in rest unless a force acts on it. (No Net Force)

Newton's 2nd Law Of Motion

The acceleration of an object depends on the mass of the object and the amount of force applied.

Gravity

A force that pulls objects toward the Earth

Friction

A force that opposes the motion of objects that touch as they move past each other

Mass

The amount of matter in an object

Force

A push or pull exerted on an object

Motion

Movement

Acceleration

A change in speed or direction

Velocity

Speed in a given direction

Inertia

The tendency of an object to resist a change in motion

Speed

\______\=Distance/Time

Newton's 3rd Law Of Motion

For every action there is an equal and opposite reaction

Multicellular Organisms

Consisting of many cells

Skeletal System

Gives shape and support to the body; protects organs; produces red blood cells.

Esophagus

A muscular tube that connects the mouth to the stomach.

Unicellular Organisms

Living things made up of only one cell

Circulatory System

The body system responsible for carrying materials through out the body;

Major organs include heart & blood vessels

Muscular System

This system is primarily responsible for internal and external movement of the body;

Major organs include skeletal muscles, smooth muscles, and cardiac muscles

Digestive System

The body system the breaks down food and absorbs nutrients

Cell

The smallest unit of life

Organs

A structure consisting of several tissues adapted as a group to perform specific functions.

Tissues

Groups of similar cells that perform a specific function in an organism

Organisms

Any form of life

Stomach

A large muscular sac that continues the mechanical and chemical digestion of food

Muscles

Smooth, cardiac, skeletal

Arteries

Blood vessels that take oxygen to the body (away from the heart)

Respiratory System

What system? Nose, trachea, lungs

Nervous System

What system? Brain, spinal cord, nerves

Heart

A hollow, muscular organ that pumps blood throughout the body

Lungs

Bring oxygen into the body and remove carbon dioxide and some water waste from the body

Trachea

A tube in the throat in which carries air to the lungs (windpipe)

Bones

Acts as framework for the body, protects the internal organs, and stores the mineral calcium

Spinal Cord

Nerves that run up and down the length of the back and transmit most of the messages between the body and the brain

Brain

Control center of the nervous system

Blood

A fluid that circulates in the heart, arteries, capillaries, and veins

Nose

The body's primary organ of smell and also functions as part of the body's respiratory system

Mouth

Where digestion begins

Nerves

Get messages to other parts of the body

Skeletal System

What System? Bones

Veins

Blood vessels that carry blood back to the heart

Inherited Traits

traits that are passed from parents to their offspring

Offspring

Children or young of a person, animal, or plant

Learned Behavior

A behavior that is learned from another organism

Population

A group of individuals of the same species that live in the same area

Heredity

Passing of traits from parents to offspring

Acquired Traits

Learned behaviors; Skills that you learn to do or develop during your life time

Trait

A characteristic that an organism can pass on to its offspring through its genes.

Adaptation

A change an organism undergoes in order to survive

Terrestrial

A term that describes an organism associated with a land environment.

Aquatic

A term that describes an organism associated with a water environment.

Estuary

A habitat in which the fresh water of a river meets the salt water of the ocean.

Deciduous Forest

A forest biome with many kinds of trees that loose their leaves each autumn

Rain Forest

A biome characterized by high levels of precipitation and warm temperatures year-round.

Oceans

Are the largest bodies of salt water between the continents; there are 4 oceans- cover 70% of the Earth.

Grasslands

A biome with tall grass, humid and very wet or short grass with a dry and hot summer and cold winters. Does not have many trees.

Lakes

Bodies of water surrounded by land

Ponds

Freshwater bodies smaller than lakes.

Plankton

Microscopic organisms that live in aquatic environments.

Food Chain

A diagram that uses arrows to show the flow of food and energy from one organism to another in an ecosystem.

Energy Pyramid

Shows the amount of energy that is available to pass from one level of the food chain to the next.

Producer

An organism that uses an outside energy source, such as the sun, and produces its own food.

Consumer

An organism that cannot make its own food and gets energy by eating other organisms.

Decomposer

An organism that breaking down the remains of dead organisms or animal wastes - bacteria, fungi, moss, lichen, mushrooms.

Photosynthesis

The process by which plants use light energy from the sun to change carbon dioxide and water into sugar and oxygen.