(G10) - DNA !!

Nucleic Acids

They are large, naturally occurring biomolecules that store, transmit, and help express genetic information in all living organisms.

The 2 Types of Nucleic Acids

1.) DNA (Deoxyribose Acid)

2.) RNA (Ribonucleic Acid)

DNA (Deoxyribose Acid)

- It stores the genetic instructions of the cell.

- It is two stranded.

- It consists of cytosine, guanine, adenine, and thymine.

- It runs 3' to 5'.

- It has a unique structure called the double helix.

RNA (Ribonucleic Acid)

- It carries the instructions from DNA to the ribosome.

- It is one stranded.

- It consists of cytosine, guanine, adenine, and uracil.

- It runs 5' to 3'.

Ribosome

It reads the RNA instructions and builds proteins by linking amino acids together.

The 3 Parts of a Nucleotide

1.) Nitrogenous-Base

2.) Phosphate

3.) Sugar

Nucleoside

It is a pair that only contains the nitrogenous base and sugar.

Phosphate Group

It is the backbone connector.

Sugar

It connects the phosphate group to the nitrogenous base.

Nitrogenous Base

It stores the genetic code.

The 2 Types of Nitrogenous Bases

1.) Pyrimidine Bases

2.) Purine Bases

The 3 Elements of Pyrimidines

1.) Cytosine (C)

2.) Uracil (U)

3.) Thymine (T)

Cytosine pairs with Thymine!

The 3 Elements of Purines

1.) Adenine (A)

2.) Guanine (G)

Adenine pairs with Guanine!

The Cause that Pairs the Bonds Together

They bond together because of attractive forces between their molecules or atoms, such as hydrogen bonds or chemical bonds, which hold the pairs together and keep them stable.

Double Helix

- It is the unique structure of the DNA.

- "Double" refers to the two strands, while "helix" refers to the shape being like a twisted spiral ladder.

- This structure was discovered by James Watson and Francis Crick in 1953.

Antiparallel

- It means the two DNA strands are side by side but facing opposite directions.

- This opposite orientation allows the bases to pair correctly and helps maintain the stable double-helix structure.