perdev 2nd quarter

Brain

Core information-processing unit in the body, makes learning possible; Main organ responsible for performing tasks; Command center

Working memory

Makes it possible to access the stored information for use on specific activities; Enables you to remember visual and auditory sensory inputs

Hind brain

responsible for instinctive, autonomic behavior and serves survival functions (located at the lower back part)

Medulla oblongata

controls vital functions (ex. Heartrate, blood circulation)

Cerebellum

regulates posture, balance, and muscular coordination

Pons

acts as a bridge between the medulla and other parts of the brain; regulates sleep, movement, arousal

Reticular activating system

regulates attention, movement, walking, reflexes

Midbrain

conduction and switching center of the brain

Tectum

roof of the brain

Superior colliculi

helps your eyes react

Inferior colliculi

helps you read/ ears to react

Tegmentum

floor of the brain

Red nucleus

acts as a car

Substantial nigra

acts as a fuel

Cerebral peduncles

Bundle of nerve fibers that connect to the midbrain, caring motor signals

Forebrain

in charge of our intellectual activity and consciousness

Cerebrum

largest and acts as executive center; used for critical thinking

Thalamus

relays information

Hypothalamus

secretes hormones and controls physiological functions

Corpus callosum

connects the two hemispheres of the brain

Pituitary gland

master gland that secretes hormones and controls endocrine system

Roger Wolcott Sperry and Joseph Bogen

investigated the brain's function and found out that there are different ways of processing information

Left hemisphere

logical and intellectual functions (controls the right side of your body)

Right hemisphere

creative, intuitive and emotional aspects (controls the left side of your body)

Whole brain theory

Pursues a holistic approach by encouraging you to make use of all your thinking abilities

William Edward "Ned" Herrman (1922-1999)

Founder of whole brain theory

Electroencephalograph

used to study the results; brain wave machine; discovered four major types of thinking

Hermann Brain Dominance Instrument

Hermann developed this to find out one's preferred thinking style; Analytical, Practical, Relational, Experimental

Creative thinking

means thinking outside of the box; finding ideas

Associative thinking

explores an idea by connecting it with other related thought

Mind mapping

creative way of exploring idea through and graphic or visual presentation

Thomas Alva Edison

invented the blub; "genius is 99% and 1% inspiration"; basically stay optimistic

Stress

Dr. Hans Seyle defined stress as "the body's reaction to perceived threats or tension that affects our balance (homeostasis)."

Dr. Hans Selye

an endocrinologist who made the first scientific study on stress; "Father of Stress Research"; did not perceive stress as wrong or harmful on its own; rather, how our reaction and our ability to adjust to the situation affect us.

Eustress

moderate or normal psychological stress, interpreted as being beneficial.

The "Fight or Flight" reaction

a physiological reaction to a perceived threat that prepares the body to confront danger (fight) or escape from it (flight).; a long time ago, the fight/flight reaction helped men survive during the hunting period.

Selye's General Adaptation Syndrome

When we face a stressful situation, our body reacts or adjusts to it.; It is a three-stage physiological response to stress

The Alarm Phase

body detects the stressor and activates the nervous system; Stress hormones like adrenaline and cortisol are released.

The Resistance Phase

If the stress continues, the body attempts to adapt and cope.

The Exhaustion Phase

If the stress persists too long without adequate recovery, the body's resources are depleted.

Theory of Cognitive Appraisal

explains how an individual responds to stress

Richard Lazarus

a psychologist who developed theory of cognitive appraisal

Primary Appraisal

You think about the meaning of the event

Secondary appraisal

It involves how you cope in that situation

Common-Stressors

Work/ Studies, money, relationships, time, environment, adapting to change, unexpected events

Mental Health

state of well-being where an individual realizes their abilities, can cope with normal stresses, and work productively.

Wellness (John Travis)

The process where an individual sees themselves as responsible for their own growth and change.

High level of wellness

Being happy and satisfied with life.

Psychological well-being

Positive state of mental and emotional health.

Low self-esteem

Feeling unworthy or lacking confidence in oneself.

Mood swings

Rapid emotional changes due to hormonal imbalance or stress.

Anxiety

Constant worry or fear that interferes with daily activities.

Depression

Persistent sadness, loss of interest, and hopelessness lasting for weeks or months (Major Depressive Disorder).

Eating problems

Eating disorders

Anorexia nervosa

Avoiding food, excessive exercise, and obsession with being thin.

Bulimia nervosa

Binge eating followed by purging to avoid weight gain.

Substance abuse

Harmful use of psychoactive substances (e.g., alcohol, drugs).

Emotion (merriam-webster)

Conscious mental reaction (merriam-webster)

Emotion (oxford)

Natural instinctive state of mind (oxford)

Emotion is a complex state with three core aspects

cognitive, physical, behavioral

Cognitive

The subjective, personal interpretation of an event (e.g., thinking "this is scary").

Physical

The physiological changes in the body (e.g., increased heart rate, sweating).

Behavioral

The outward expression (e.g., facial expressions, body language).

Feelings

subjective representations of emotions

moods

less intense and longer-lasting than emotions

Paul Ekman

identified six basic, universal emotions (happiness, sadness, fear, anger, surprise, and disgust)

EQ (Emotional Quotient)

the awareness of one's own and others' emotions, and the ability to use this information to guide thinking and behavior.

Peter Salovey and John D. Mayer

define emotion as organized responses (physiological, cognitive, experimental and motivational) to internal and external events; Defined emotional intelligence as "subset of social intelligence that involves the ability to monitor one's own and others' feelings and emotions

Goleman's theory

expanded the theory of salovey and mayer's theory; Developed by daniel goleman

Key Domains of Emotional Intelligence (Goleman's Model)

Self-awareness, Self-management, Motivation, Empathy, Social Skills

Family

basic unit of society; unique because of their different factors

Functions of a Family

procreation, economic provision, state of security, love, socialization

Procreation

Duty of parents to provide and care for their children.

Economic Provision

Duty of the parents to offer their basic needs.

Sense of Security

A place of stable companionship

Love

Duty of the parents to show love as the center of all functions

Socialization

Giving opportunities to explore and to teach proper behaviour

Nuclear Family

traditional type of family; consisting of two parents which are the mother and father, along with one or more children living together

Extended Family

joined by relatives who live with them, like grandparents, aunt, uncles, and cousins

Family with Working Parents

both parents work to support the family

Single-parent family

one parent alone to take care for the child

Blended Family

This setup consists of a couple I'm which one or both have children from previous marriage or relationship.

Childless Family

no child in the family

Other Family Setups

same-sex partners; two mothers/fathers

Authoritarian

demanding parenting style

Permissive

opposite to authoritarian; spoiling their children

Authoritative

considered balanced parenting style

Neglectful

Gives basic needs but lacks support (parenting style)

Challenges

Separation/Divorce, Traumatic Events, Stress, Death in the Family, Violence or Abuse

Genogram

Visual representation of a family; Founded by Monica McGoldrick and Randy Gerson; Understanding patterns, practices, or dynamics within the family (family history, health practices)

Nurturing family relations

care and effort, time, love, commitment

Career

the path you take in life through work and learning. It starts with studies that prepare you for a job, then grows through experiences and development, helping you use your abilities, find meaning, and fulfill your purpose.

INTERESTS

The things you enjoy doing or feel curious about. They guide you in choosing a career that matches what you like.

STRENGTHS,SKILLS,ABILITIES

In choosing a career, it is important to reflect on your strengths, the skills you have developed, and the abilities you have gained over time.

Aptitude

ability in a particular field.

Standardized Test

objective assessment wherein administration, scoring, and interpretation are done in a uniform way; test is given in the same manner to all test takers and scored in a standardized manner

Differential Aptitude Test

measures verbal reasoning, numerical ability, abstract reasoning, perceptual speed and accuracy, mechanical reasoning space relations, spelling, and language usage

Your personality

Personality is a set of distinct qualities reflecting a blend of patterns of behavior, traits, talents, attitudes and values that make a person unique

Ex of standardized tests

The Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI), 16 Personality Factors Test, Panukat ng Pagkataong Pilipino (PPP), Panukat ng Ugali ng Pilipino (PUP), Masaklaw na Panukat ng Loob (Mapa ng Loob)

Work Values

standards or principles that you strongly believe in and are important, which influences your decision. A career that puts a premium on your set of values will give you a greater sense of satisfaction or fulfillment.