After birth & Measuring Health
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1
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Apgar Scale:
a widely used method to assess the health of
newborns at one and five minutes after birth.
newborns at one and five minutes after birth.
2
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Oxytocin causes
the breasts to “let down” milk,
heightens the mother’s responsiveness to baby
heightens the mother’s responsiveness to baby
3
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With the apgar scale, the baby is assessed at
1 minute and again at 5 minutes after
birth
birth
4
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A newborn is rated
0, 1, or 2 on each measure, for a maximum score of 10.
5
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A score of 7 to 10 indicates
the baby is in good to excellent condition.
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A score of 5 to 7 may mean
the baby needs help to establish breathing, and the test should be repeated every 5 minutes up to 20 minutes.
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A score below 5 is
rare and may reflect a variety of problems.
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Babies are physiologically well prepared to
handle the stress of being born.
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The skull of a baby is
malleable to fit in birth canal
10
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Vernix caseosa (a skin grease)
protects the baby against heat loss before and during birth.
11
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The mother’s production of stress hormones during labor triggers
the production of stress hormones in the baby
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Stress hormones in the baby help by
preparing the lungs to begin breathing, sending additional blood to the baby’s brain and vital organs, and making the baby alert right after the birth
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Fathers also show hormonal changes that are
associated with
associated with
positive emotional reactions to
infants.
infants.
14
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Today, hospitals offer rooming in, in which
the infant stays in the mother’s hospital room all or most of the time.
15
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Right after birth the newborn is
weighed, cleaned up, and tested
for signs of any developmental problems.
for signs of any developmental problems.
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The newborn rapidly goes from
a warm, quiet, and dark prenatal environment into a bright, noisy, and cold postnatal environment.
17
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The apgar scale evaluates
infants’ heart rate, respiratory effort, muscle tone, body color, and reflex irritability.
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Reflex irritability
* 0 = no response
* 1 = grimace
* 2 = coughing, sneezing, and crying
* 1 = grimace
* 2 = coughing, sneezing, and crying
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Body color
* 0 = blue and pale
* 1 = body pink but extremities blue
* 2 = entire body pink
* 1 = body pink but extremities blue
* 2 = entire body pink
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Muscle tone
* 0 = limp and flaccid
* 1 = weak, inactive, but some flexion of extremities
* 2 = strong, active motion
* 1 = weak, inactive, but some flexion of extremities
* 2 = strong, active motion
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Respiratory effort
* 0 = not breathing for more than 1 minute
* 1 = irregular and slow
* 2 = good breathing with normal crying
* 1 = irregular and slow
* 2 = good breathing with normal crying
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Heart rate
* 0 = absent
* 1 = slow; less than 100 beats per minute
* 2 = fast; 100-140 beats per minute
* 1 = slow; less than 100 beats per minute
* 2 = fast; 100-140 beats per minute
Flashcards (25)