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21 Terms
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1
Monistic Ethical Theories
Theories that propose a single correct way to lead a moral life, including Virtue Ethics, Utilitarian Ethics, and Deontological Ethics.
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2
Virtue Ethics
An ethical theory that emphasizes the importance of developing good character traits.
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3
Utilitarian Ethics
An ethical theory that advocates for maximizing good actions, where 'good' is often defined as happiness.
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4
Deontological Ethics
An ethical theory based on the duty and rights of individuals, emphasizing autonomy.
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5
Divine Command Theory
An ethical viewpoint that defines right action based on obedience to a divine being.
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6
Cultural Relativism
The idea that ethical truth is determined by the norms and standards of different cultures.
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7
Moral Monism
The belief that only one way of life is truly human and worthwhile to pursue.
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8
Five Tenets of Moral Monism
Principles that include the uniformity of human nature and the idea that acting according to this nature constitutes a good life.
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9
Theoretical Intellect
A concept in Greek Monism referring to the human ability to understand the world.
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10
Natural Reason
The concept in Christian Monism that suggests the highest way of life is achieved through faith rather than reason alone.
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11
Social Contract
An agreement between individuals where they exchange some autonomy for the benefits of living in a civil society.
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12
John Locke
Philosopher who further developed the social contract idea, asserting inherent rights granted by God.
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13
J.S. Mills
Philosopher who argued for the development of higher human faculties while embracing diversity in lifestyles.
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14
Liberalism
A political theory emphasizing individual rights, equality, and freedom from interference.
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15
Communitarianism
A political theory that emphasizes the collective values and goals of communities over individual autonomy.
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16
Culture
The accumulated knowledge, beliefs, values, and practices of a group of people over generations.
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17
Ethnicity
Classification of people based on features and relationships maintained through cultural boundaries.
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18
Nationalism
Political ideology that seeks to align political boundaries with cultural boundaries.
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19
Kymlicka
Philosopher known for discussing the incorporation of minority rights within liberal societies.
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20
Rawls' Theory of Justice
A political philosophy proposing fairness as the fundamental principle of justice, relying on a hypothetical social contract.
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21
Veil of Ignorance
A thought experiment in Rawls' Theory where individuals make principles of justice without knowledge of their personal circumstances.
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