chapter 16 Practice variability and blocked

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24 Terms

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Practice variability

The variety of movement and context characteristics a person experiences while practicing a skill or many skills

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Blocked practice

Practice schedule where one skill is practiced repeatedly before moving on to practice another skill repeatedly. In order

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Random practice

where two or more skills are practiced in random order

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Blocked example

Pass 30 times Wrist shot 30 times Backhand shot 30 times

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Random example

Pass, backhand shot, wrist shot, backhand shot, wrist shot, pass, wrist shot, pass, backhand shot, pass, wrist shot, backhand shot, wrist shot

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Contextual interference effect

Interference that results from switching from one skill to another

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Blocked practice =

Low interference

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Random practice =

High interference

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The best way to teach someone

Random practice

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Shea experience and baseball experiment

High contextual interference effects

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Blocked practice is best for

Immediate performance gains

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Baseball experiment college level players proved that

random practice is beneficial for experienced athletes

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hypothesis on why random practice works best

compare and contrast analyses, meaningfulness = greater memory

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Forgetting and reconstruction hypothesis

short term forgetting promotes learning

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Specificity of practice hypotheses

View that motor skill learning influenced by practice condition characteristics

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Serial practice

A mix or random and blocked

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Constant practice means

to practice under the same conditions or same skill repeatedly

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Variable practice means

to continuously change the practice conditions or variation of the skill being learned

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Runaway of lights experiment

Variable practice appears to increase the “generalizability” of a task

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Benefits of Practice Variability

Increases capacity to perform the skill in a future test situation

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Performers who experience more variability can be better at skill learning than those with

less variability

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Irony of Practice Variability

Practice variability will produce more performance errors in practice during initial learning

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Implementing Practice Variability

Classify the skill according to degree of being closed or open and Use the test conditions to determine what the practice should be like

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